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A magyarországi hústermékek világpiaci pozíciójának alakulása

Author

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  • Poór, Judit

Abstract

A hústermelés stagnált az elmúlt években, miközben a hús-külkereskedelem az európai uniós csatlakozáshoz kötődő változások folytán dinamikusan emelkedett. Ennek köszönhetően a külkereskedelem szerepe a húsiparban egyre meghatározóbb. A külkereskedelem bővülése az ágazaton belüli kereskedelem erősödését eredményezte. A legfrissebb – 2011-es – adatok alapján egyetlen olyan termék volt a termékcsoporton belül, melyet exportáltak, de nem importáltak, a többi terméknél a kétirányú csere volt jellemző. A tanulmány több szempontból elemzi a hústermékek külkereskedelmének alakulását. Az elemzés eredményei alapján a termékcsoport külkereskedelmi pozíciója sikeresnek mondható. A termékszintű vizsgálat azonosítja a külkereskedelemben versenyképesnek tekinthető legfontosabb hústermékeket, melyek köre a 2000-es évek közepe óta számottevően nem változott. A kiemelkedően jó külkereskedelmi pozíciójú termékek alapvetően baromfi- és sertéshústermékek, melyek 2011-ben a húsexport 59,7%-át, a hús-külkereskedelemnek pedig az 50,7%-át adták. Az ágazaton belüli kereskedelem vizsgálata kapcsán a tanulmány azonosítja a közel azonos export- és importárú termékeket (horizontális termékdifferenciáltság), melyeknél a hazai értékesítés importtal szembeni preferálása lenne célszerű a magyar húsipar általános versenyképességi problémáinak megoldásával párhuzamosan, mivel azok a hazai hústermékek piaci pozícióját, nemzetközi versenyképességét gyengítik. -------------------- In recent years meat production has stagnated, while its foreign trade has dynamically increased as a result of the accession to the European Union (EU). This is why the role of foreign trade in the meat industry is more and more important. The increase of foreign trade has resulted in the strengthening of intra-industrial trade (IIT). On the basis of the latest data (2011) there was only one product within the group of products which was exported but not imported by Hungary. For the other products two-way trade was characteristic. This paper analyses the tendency of the foreign trade of meat products from several points of view. On the basis of the analysis the foreign trade position of meat products is more or less successful. Investigation on the level of products identifies the meat products most competitive in foreign trade. The circle of these products has not changed considerably since the mid-2000s. The products characterising a prominently good foreign trade position are essentially meat of domestic poultry and pigs. They had a 59.7% share in meat exports and a 50.7% proportion in the meat foreign trade in 2011. In connection with the intra-industrial trade analysis the paper identifies the products characterising near the same export and import price (horizontal IIT) by which preference of domestic sales would be practical as opposed to imports in parallel with the solving of the general competitiveness problem of the Hungarian meat industry, because those weaken the market position and international competitiveness of the Hungarian meat products.

Suggested Citation

  • Poór, Judit, 2013. "A magyarországi hústermékek világpiaci pozíciójának alakulása," GAZDÁLKODÁS: Scientific Journal on Agricultural Economics, Karoly Robert University College, vol. 57(05), pages 1-11, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:ags:gazdal:199958
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.199958
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