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Evolucion del mercado y de la estructura productiva del sector lacteo espanol desde la integracion en la CEE

Author

Listed:
  • Garcia, Francisco Sineiro
  • Pacos, Bernardo Valdes

Abstract

RESUMEN - Se revisa la evolución del sector lácteo español desde la integración en la CEE, que se compara con las tendencias existentes en el período anterior y la relativa al conjunto de la UE. Las variables estudiadas son la producción, los precios, el comercio exterior y las estructuras productivas de las explotaciones e industrias. El comportamiento real de las cuotas se ha apartado de sus bases teóricas, permitiendo un incremento del 12% en las cantidades de referencia, mientras que el sostenimiento de los precios ha sido débil con descensos en los precios de mercado superiores a los del conjunto de la CEE-12. El régimen de cuotas ha acelerado el proceso de desaparición de explotaciones preexistente, afectando sobre todo a las de menor dimensión, al tiempo que se ha formado un segmento de explotaciones de tamaño mediano y grande como resultado de mejoras realizadas en sus estructuras productivas, que son las responsables principales de la expansión de la producción. La viabilidad de parte de estas explotaciones está comprometida por la existencia de un déficit de cuota con respeto a la producción y por los factores de tamaño y falta de sucesión. Las limitaciones en la movilidad de la tierra han orientado la mejora de las explotaciones por la vía de una mayor intensificación, reduciendo su competitividad relativa en costes. El incremento moderado en el consumo y la reducción de las ventas directas ha permitido la expansión de la industria láctea, al tiempo que también se ha incrementado el déficit comercial, que se ha situado por debajo de previsiones realizadas previamente. Los principales cambios operados a nivel empresarial son un proceso de concentración con la constitución de grupos de tamaño medio y la penetración del capital exterior por la vía de adquisición de empresas. Los acuerdos de la Agenda 2000, las negociaciones en curso en la OMC y las de integración con varios Países candidatos llevan a nuevas incertidumbres sobre los cambios posibles en el marco institucional y a sus efectos sobre el sector lácteo español. SUMMARY - It is reviewed the evolution of the spanish dairy sector since its integration in the CAP, compared with the tendencies existing in the previous period and those referred to the vhole sector in the EU. The variables studied are production, prices, external trading and productive structures of both farms and industries. The real behaviour of quota regime has run away from its theoretical basis, allowing a 12% increase in the reference´s quantities, while the support to prices has been weak with a decrease in spanish prices greater than the mean in the EC-9. The milk quota system has increased the rate of the process of disappearance of farms, affecting mainly to smaller size units, while at the same time it was developing a group of medium and big size, as a result of improvements taken in those farms, which are the main responsables for the increase in milk production. The viability of part of these dairy farms is under question because of a quota deficit and of reduced size and lack of sucession. The limitations derived from land availability have forced to an increased use of concentrates which reduces their ability to compete in costs. The moderate increase increase in consumption of dairy products in the spanish market and the reduction of direct sales has allowed the expansion of dairies and a increase in the deficit of external trade. The main changes in dairies have been a process of concentration resulting in the constitution of medium size groups and a increase in the share of foreing enterprises. The Agenda 2000 agreements, the existing round with the WMO and the negotiations to the UE enlargement are going to result in new changes in the milk policy, which will further affect the spanish dairy sector.

Suggested Citation

  • Garcia, Francisco Sineiro & Pacos, Bernardo Valdes, 2001. "Evolucion del mercado y de la estructura productiva del sector lacteo espanol desde la integracion en la CEE," Economia Agraria y Recursos Naturales, Spanish Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 1(01), pages 1-24.
  • Handle: RePEc:ags:earnsa:28781
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.28781
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    Keywords

    Production Economics;

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