Blockchain technologies as a driver of transformation in the agricultural sector

Purpose. The main objective of the study is to comprehensively examine the essential characteristics of blockchain technologies and their potential in the agricultural sector, in particular through an analysis and systematising of the prerequisites, areas of practical application and key challenges arising in the process of their implementation. Methodology / approach. To conduct a comprehensive analysis, a combination of general scientific and specialised methods was used, including analysis, synthesis, case studies and bibliometric mapping (VOSviewer). The RStudio software environment was used to process statistical data and create graphs. Results. The study emphasises the urgent need for innovative solutions to enhance transparency, efficiency, and resilience in agricultural operations. Key findings highlight the significant contribution of blockchain technologies to supply chain traceability, financial transactions, crop insurance, and data management. The decentralised nature of the technology ensures transparency and reduces fraud, thereby strengthening consumer trust and promoting sustainable agricultural practices. The analysis of global blockchain applications underscores its transformative impact across various sectors, particularly in agriculture. The study also identifies challenges such as high implementation costs and regulatory uncertainty, emphasising the need for a supportive environment. Originality / scientific novelty. The distinctive feature of this study is the combination of bibliometric analysis of scientific sources with empirical study of real blockchain initiatives, as well as the use of data processing tools in RStudio. This approach allowed us not only to identify key scientific trends but also to outline practical mechanisms for implementing blockchain technologies in the agricultural sector. The novelty lies in the comprehensive consideration of blockchain as a digital innovation capable of systematically responding to the structural challenges of the industry, including supply chain disruptions, limited financial inclusion, and low data transparency. Practical value/implications. The study provides specific recommendations for the practical use of blockchain technologies in agriculture. Based on comparative analysis of 10 countries and Ukrainian case studies (AgriChain, AgroGloryTime, AgroBon), the research highlights mechanisms for improving supply chain traceability, reducing logistics costs, and expanding access to financing through smart contracts. The findings may be applied by agribusiness managers to optimise logistics and quality control, by policymakers to design supportive digitalisation strategies, and by investors to assess innovation potential in the agricultural sector. Implementation of these recommendations will enhance transparency, strengthen resilience under crisis conditions, and create equal opportunities for both small and large agricultural producers.