An Analysis of Socioeconomic Factors Influencing the Performance of Small-Scale Dairy Farmers in Kericho and Nakuru Counties, Kenya

This study examines how socioeconomic conditions shape the productivity of small-scale dairy farmers in Kenya's Kericho and Nakuru Counties—two regions central to the country's dairy value chain. Drawing on data from 336 farmers across six sub-counties (Kipkelion East, Kipkelion West, Belgut, Kuresoi South, Kuresoi North, and Molo), the research employs a multi-stage sampling strategy. Data collection was conducted between May and August 2023 using structured questionnaires adapted from the World Bank’s Social Capital Assessment Tool (SOCAT). It applies ordinary least squares regression to identify key determinants of milk output per farmer. Findings indicate that the number of lactating cows (Coef. = 13.864, p = 0.000), access to credit (Coef. = 3.11, p = 0.02), and farmers' primary occupation (Coef. = 1.507, p = 0.004) have strong positive associations with productivity. Conversely, daily feed cost (Coef. = -0.011, p = 0.000) emerged as a significant constraint, negatively affecting milk yields across the sample. Education, household size, and access to extension services showed weaker or context-dependent effects, suggesting that their influence is mediated by factors such as group leadership dynamics or market proximity. The analysis highlights the need for tailored, locally responsive interventions that move beyond input provision and address the structural barriers faced by farmers. Strengthening cooperative governance, improving the accessibility and design of financial products, and supporting resilient feeding systems are critical for sustaining group performance. The study contributes to the current discourse by providing empirical insights to inform inclusive dairy development in high-potential rural areas.