Effect of fertilizers and chiseling techniques on optimizing growth of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Cotton contributes significantly to the production of oilseeds and textile fiber globally, and it is an important component of the socioeconomic and political environment. This study aims to evaluate the effects of commercial sulfuric acid and nitrogen, irrigation intervals, phosphatic fertilizer application, and chiseling on cotton growth and yield. The investigation was carried out using a split-plot setup with three replications at the Central Cotton Research Institute (CCRI), Multan, Pakistan. Nitrogen levels (N1 = 50 kg ha-1, N2 = 100 kg ha-1, N3 =150 kg ha-1) were kept in main plots, while sulphuric acid (S1= 0 kg ha-1, S2= 125 kg ha-1, S3 = 250 kg ha-1 and S4 = 375 kg ha-1) was randomized in sub plots respectively. The results showed that watering interval and chiseling had a substantial impact on plant height and the quantity of fruiting parts per plant. Compared to other treatments, interculturing produced higher plant height and more fruiting parts when paired with chiseling and an 8-day irrigation interval. The height and fruiting sections of cotton plants showed a positive link with the long-term effects of phosphatic fertilizer application in wheat crop. The impact of several phosphorus delivery techniques on plant height and fruiting parts varied in bed-furrow planting; hand application without mixing prior to sowing yielded the best results. The application of commercial sulfuric acid, in conjunction with nitrogen, positively affected both plant height and fruiting parts. Increased fruiting parts and plant height were a result of higher sulfuric acid dosages; nitrogen application had no visible impact. These findings can contribute to the development of effective strategies for cotton cultivation, leading to increased productivity and profitability for cotton farmers.