Development of bank lending in Dnieper Ukraine in the second half of the XIX - at the beginning of XX century

The subject of the study is the formation process of the banking system of the Russian Empire in the post-reform period, and its then-theoretical basis. The purpose of the work consists in studying the problem of bank lending in the Dnieper Ukraine and conducting an analysis of the scholarly opinion of economists on bank lending in the second half of the XIX-early XX century. The methodological basis of the article for solving the problems set in the article is applied general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, systematization, generalization) and special methods of scientific research (diachronic (periodization), comparative, retrospective, historical-typological and economic analysis). Results of work. The views of economists of the XIX century on actual problems of lending has been studied and analyzed in the article, attention was paid to their recommendations for improving the credit system. The main economic, historical and social conditions of the development of mortgage lending and its role in the credit system of the Russian Empire have been investigated. The main problem aspects of that time mortgage are determined and analyzed. The field of application of results. Theoretical conclusions and research results can be used in teaching economics and economic thought courses, as well as other economic disciplines in the training of specialists in economics and banking at universities. Conclusions. The study of the post-reform banking system of the Russian Empire allows us to conclude that reform was a forced step by the government in the process of resuscitation of the banking system. The Ministry of Finance, taking into account the previous unsuccessful experience in creating banks, has stimulated the consolidation of potential consumers of loan products of Zemstvo banks under the terms of mutual responsibility. Nevertheless, despite the progressiveness of such new approaches to lending, the existence of vestiges of pre-reform approaches continued, this was reflected in preferential lending to the nobility. The personality of the representative of the Kyiv School of Economics, Mykola Bunge has a significant place among scientists and practitioners involved in reforming the banking system of the Russian Empire. In addition, the non-state banks of the Dnieper Ukraine, in particular, Kherson Zemsky Bank and Kharkiv Land Bank have become the examples for the formation of similar banking institutions throughout the empire. The study also allows us to conclude that reform has been a significant success due to the technocratic approach in government appointments and the involvement of academics in administration of the State, which is especially relevant for modern Ukraine