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Exports and Firm Characteristics in Germany: A Survey of Empirical Studies (1991 to 2011)

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  • Joachim Wagner

Abstract

Reliable information on the characteristics of exporting and non-exporting firms is important for providing theorists and policy-makers with evidence-based guidance. This holds true especially for Germany, a leading actor on the world markets for goods and services. This paper provides a synopsis and a critical assessment of 51 empirical studies on exports and firm characteristics based on data for German firms (establishments or enterprises) that were published over the last 20 years. I argue that this literature is not suited to provide the stylized facts needed. Reasons include the widespread use of non-representative small cross-section samples, the use of data for establishments (local production units) instead of enterprise-level data, the lack of information on important firm characteristics (including physical capital intensity and information related to innovation activities), the application of econometric methods that are not appropriate to model the share of exports in total sales and the missing control for unobserved firm heterogeneity.

Suggested Citation

  • Joachim Wagner, 2011. "Exports and Firm Characteristics in Germany: A Survey of Empirical Studies (1991 to 2011)," Applied Economics Quarterly (formerly: Konjunkturpolitik), Duncker & Humblot, Berlin, vol. 57(2), pages 145-160.
    • Handle: RePEc:aeq:aeqaeq:v57_y2011_i2_q2_p145-160
    DOI: 10.3790/aeq.57.2.145
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Joachim Wagner, 2015. "A Note on Firm Age and the Margins of Exports: First Evidence from Germany," The International Trade Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 29(2), pages 93-102, June.
    2. Joachim Wagner, 2017. "R&D Activities and Extensive Margins of Exports in Manufacturing Enterprises: First Evidence for Germany," The International Trade Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 31(3), pages 232-244, May.
    3. Kölling, Arnd & Mertens, Antje, 2020. "Exporting behavior and the demand for skills in German establishments," Working Papers 97, Berlin School of Economics and Law, Institute of Management Berlin (IMB).
    4. Maria Bramati & Alberto Gaggero & Edna Solomon, 2015. "International Trade and Domestic Competition: Evidence from Belgium," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 46(4), pages 383-399, June.
    5. Joachim Wagner, 2014. "What makes a high-quality exporter? Evidence from Germany," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 34(2), pages 865-874.
    6. Joachim Wagner, 2016. "Trading Many Goods with Many Countries: Exporters and Importers from German Manufacturing Industries," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Microeconometrics of International Trade, chapter 14, pages 455-476, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    7. Wagner Joachim, 2016. "Still Different After All These Years Extensive and Intensive Margins of Exports in East and West German Manufacturing Enterprises," Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik), De Gruyter, vol. 236(2), pages 297-322, March.
    8. Joachim Wagner, 2018. "Multiple Import Sourcing. First Evidence for German Enterprises from Manufacturing Industries," Open Economies Review, Springer, vol. 29(1), pages 165-175, February.
    9. Wagner Joachim, 2018. "Active on Many Foreign Markets: A Portrait of German Multi-market Exporters and Importers from Manufacturing Industries," Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik), De Gruyter, vol. 238(2), pages 157-182, April.
    10. Vogel , Alexander & Wagner, Joachim, 2012. "Innovation and Exports of German Business Services Enterprises: First evidence from a new type of firm data," Working Paper Series in Economics and Institutions of Innovation 285, Royal Institute of Technology, CESIS - Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies.
    11. Valeria Gattai, 2015. "Internationalisation and performance at the firm-level: what we learn from Italy," Economia e Politica Industriale: Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, Springer;Associazione Amici di Economia e Politica Industriale, vol. 42(4), pages 475-509, December.
    12. Kranzusch, Peter & Holz, Michael, 2013. "Internationalisierungsgrad von KMU: Ergebnisse einer Unternehmensbefragung," IfM-Materialien 222, Institut für Mittelstandsforschung (IfM) Bonn.
    13. Schwiebert, Jörg & Wagner, Joachim, 2015. "A Generalized Two-Part Model for Fractional Response Variables with Excess Zeros," VfS Annual Conference 2015 (Muenster): Economic Development - Theory and Policy 113059, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    14. Joachim Wagner, 2018. "Germany’s trade in goods," AStA Wirtschafts- und Sozialstatistisches Archiv, Springer;Deutsche Statistische Gesellschaft - German Statistical Society, vol. 12(1), pages 69-82, April.
    15. Ahmed Fayez Abdelgouad, 2016. "Exporting and Workforce Skills-Intensity in the Egyptian Manufacturing Firms: Empirical Evidence Using World Bank Firm-Level Data for Egypt," Working Paper Series in Economics 358, University of Lüneburg, Institute of Economics.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Exports; firm characteristics; Germany; literature survey;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade

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