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The Welfare Effects of Eligibility Expansions: Theory and Evidence from SNAP

Author

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  • Jenna Anders
  • Charlie Rafkin

Abstract

We study how eligibility expansions in the US Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) affect take-up among previously eligible households and social welfare. Using an event study with administrative take-up data, we document a "woodwork effect": Expanding eligibility raises take-up among previously eligible households. An online experiment and administrative survey provide evidence that information frictions, rather than stigma, drive SNAP's woodwork effect. To interpret our findings, we develop a model of welfare programs with incomplete take-up and woodwork effects. Given our empirical results and certain modeling assumptions, expanding SNAP eligibility would raise social welfare.

Suggested Citation

  • Jenna Anders & Charlie Rafkin, 2026. "The Welfare Effects of Eligibility Expansions: Theory and Evidence from SNAP," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, vol. 18(3), pages 61-100, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:aea:aejpol:v:18:y:2026:i:3:p:61-100
    DOI: 10.1257/pol.20220738
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • D12 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
    • D83 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge; Communication; Belief; Unawareness
    • H53 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
    • I12 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health Behavior
    • I38 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Government Programs; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs

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