Formation of Technological Alliances in the Context of Geopolitical Fragmentation: Strategic Approaches and Technology Transfer Mechanisms

The period of deepening geopolitical fragmentation and strengthening of sanctions regimes creates serious challenges for international scientific and technical cooperation and ensuring technological sovereignty. In this context, the task of building new models of technological cooperation becomes relevant. The purpose of this article is to develop conceptual foundations and strategic approaches to the formation of technological alliances between the Russian Federation and friendly countries, as well as to propose effective mechanisms for overcoming barriers to technology transfer in the context of sanctions. The scientific novelty of the work lies in systematizing the impact of geopolitical fragmentation on technological transfer, proposing a comprehensive strategy for forming alliances based on technological complementarity, an ecosystem approach, and the principles of technological sovereignty, as well as in developing a multi-level system of mechanisms for overcoming barriers (legal, financial, logistical, and institutional). The study employs methods of theoretical analysis, comparative study of international experience, and a systematic approach. Strategic approaches to the formation of technological alliances have been developed, and practical mechanisms for technology transfer have been proposed. The results demonstrate that successful alliance formation requires a comprehensive approach, adaptation of cooperation mechanisms, and diversification of partnerships. The practical significance lies in providing specific recommendations for government agencies and high-tech companies on building sustainable scientific and technological cooperation that promotes technological development and reduces risks in the  context of geopolitical instability.