International e-Commerce Standards and Factors of Its Global Development

The article analyzes the main approaches to the interpretation of the category "e-commerce", shows its existing forms, and focuses on the emergence of new ones, including social commerce, mobile commerce, etc. The scope of e-commerce facilities is also expanding, which is not limited to consumer goods and is increasingly attracting industrial equipment into its orbit. The relevance of this study is due to the need for a comprehensive analysis of international e-commerce standards and an assessment of their impact on national regulatory and development processes. The article analyzes key international agreements and regulations in the field of e-commerce. The study showed that international standards and multilateral agreements play a key role in shaping the legal and institutional framework for digital commerce at the national and global levels, ensuring transparency, compatibility and trust between participants in cross-border transactions. Organizations such as the WTO, UNCITRAL, ISO and the OECD form principles that ensure the harmonization of e-commerce rules at the global level. However, not all aspects of developing e-commerce, including in formal terms, are fully regulated today. It has been established that the main factors in the development of e-commerce at the global level are the expansion of Internet infrastructure and access to digital technologies, financial inclusion and payment solutions, logistics infrastructure and delivery services, socio-economic and cultural factors, globalization and market integration, as well as technology transfer, as well as external shocks and special circumstances.