Development of innovative entrepreneurship institutions in the digital economy in Russia: matrix approach to diagnosis and design

The relevance of this study stems from Russia’s need to transition to a knowledge economy and technological sovereignty in the context of sanctions and global digital transformation. The problem lies in the low efficiency of existing institutions supporting innovative entrepreneurship, which is reflected in declining indicators of the national innovation system (R&D funding as a percentage of GDP, patent activity of the population, the share of innovation expenditures, the share of innovative products, and the Global Innovation Index). The aim of this article is to develop a proprietary matrix model for the systemic diagnosis and improvement of innovative entrepreneurship institutions using the capabilities of the digital economy. The methodology is based on a synthesis of institutional theory, an evolutionary approach, multi-level analysis, and the principle of economic duality, implemented in the form of a six-block matrix reflecting the consistent transformation of an innovative entrepreneur from a creative subject to an element of the future technological order. The article examines the cycle of expanded reproduction of the national innovation system, in which each new cycle of innovation generation and implementation increases the country’s innovative potential. The emphasis is on innovative entrepreneurship as a key element of the national innovation system. The results include a diagnosis of underlying dysfunctions (gaps) at each institutional level between paired blocks based on an analysis of contemporary Russian and international research and the authors’ empirical analysis of the dynamics of six key indicators (2014–2024). Recommendations are formulated as a proportional design principle and specific measures for each block, emphasizing the role of digital technologies as a tool for strengthening ties between institutions.