Current Trends in the Development of Science: Problems of Interdisciplinarity

This article examines current trends in interdisciplinary research, driven by dual imperatives: societal and economic demands for practical solutions, and the intrinsic evolution of scientific inquiry. The growing prominence of such research reveals fundamental challenges in reconciling methodological frameworks across disciplines and transferring research principles between fields.This study aims to develop a system analysis-based approach for evaluating the compatibility of research principles across diverse scientific domains. Achieving this objective necessitates a critical analysis of the prevailing contemporary classification of sciences – formal, natural, social, and humanities disciplines. This classification profoundly shapes the potential for methodological exchange between fields and provides the foundation for enhancing interdisciplinary research to better align national scientific advancement with societal needs.Key findings identify significant barriers to interdisciplinary collaboration, particularly methodological incompatibilities between sciences of differing complexity. The research proposes system analysis as a tool for assessing compatibility across formal, natural, social, and humanities disciplines. The central conclusion demonstrates that the direct application of methodologies from simpler sciences (e. g., physics) to more complex domains (e. g., biology) is often ineffective, while formal sciences serve as universal facilitators of disciplinary integration.