Innovative Technologies in Agriculture: Leveraging AI, ML, and IoT for Sustainable Food Production and Resource Management

This review explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in agriculture, emphasizing their role in enhancing crop yield through improved seed selection and waste reduction. AI and ML facilitate the identification of favorable genes and the classification of crop products, aiding farmers globally. Despite these advancements, modern agriculture faces challenges related to energy consumption and the adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. High energy demands for sensor deployment and data transmission, along with the costly adoption of renewable energy, hinder progress. However, the adoption of smart grids and microgrids, along with advancements in energy storage solutions, offer potential solutions. Vertical farming and hydroponic systems emerge as crucial methods to address land scarcity and water shortages, particularly in urban settings. As the global population grows and urban areas expand, these technologies are vital for sustainable food production. The review underscores the need for modern technology, including IoT, cloud computing, remote sensors, and unmanned aerial vehicles, to advance agricultural practices. Embracing these technologies will enhance resource efficiency and support the transition to sustainable agriculture, addressing the pressing challenges of modern food production.