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The Concept of Public Expenditure in a Modern Islamic State مفهوم الإنفاق العام في دولة إسلامية حديثة

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  • Omar Salim Baquor

    (Centre for Research in Islamic Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

Public expenditure reflects the objectives of Islamic state. Among these the most important in economic matters are three: guarantee of a minimum living standard for every individual, reducing inequalities, and comprehensive development. Several other subsidiary objectives can be derived from the above e.g. full employment and stability. Public expenditure in an Islamic state can be classified according to the Shari'ah basis of the relevant functions. Firstly there are functions specified by texts of Qur'an and Sunnah, so the related expenditures will always be there e.g. law and order, communicating the message of Allah and needful fulfilment. Second are functions derived from Shari'ah texts through analogical reasoning, etc (especially those involving collective duties (fard Kifaya). These differ from time to time. Examples of the ones implied today are: preservation of the ecology and capital formation. Lastly there are functions assigned to state by the people through a consultative process (Shura). The paper also discusses equitable distribution, the benefits of public expenditure and the possible negative effects of these expenditures on incentives to work and incentive to save, and how the problem can be handled in Islamic framework. يعتبر الإنفاق العام من أهداف الدولة الإسلامية وأهمها في المجال الاقتصادي ثلاثة أهداف رئيسية : توفير الحد الأدنى من المعيشة ، وتخفيض عدم المساواة ، والتنمية الشاملة. ومنها تستنتج أهداف عديدة تابعة كالتوظيف الكامل والاستقرار الاقتصادي . ومجالات الإنفاق في الدولة الإسلامية يمكن تمييزها بحسب المستند الشرعي للوظائف التي يحققها الإنفاق : فهناك ( أولاً ) وظائف صرحت بها النصوص الشرعية وتتميز بديمومة الإنفاق عليها ، كالأمن الداخلي والدعوة إلى الله وإشباع الحاجات. و ( ثانياً) وظائف تستمد من النصوص الشرعية بالاجتهاد ( وبخاصة ) وفق مبدأ فروض الكفاية) بحسب ظروف كل عصر. ومنها اليوم : حماية البيئة والتكوين الرأسمايلي . و ( ثالثاً) وظائف يطلب الأفراد من الدولة ، عن طريق الشورى ، أن تقوم بها . كما يناقش البحث مسألة التوزيع العادل لمنافع الإنفاق العام ، والآثار السلبية المحتملة لهذا الإنفاق على الحوافز للعمل وللادخار وكيفية ضبطها في إطار إسلامي.

Suggested Citation

  • Omar Salim Baquor, 1993. "The Concept of Public Expenditure in a Modern Islamic State مفهوم الإنفاق العام في دولة إسلامية حديثة," Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics Institute., vol. 5(1), pages 3-37, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:abd:kauiea:v:5:y:1993:i:1:no:7:p:3-37
    DOI: 10.4197/islec.5-1.7
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