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Criteria for Enacting Laws and Regulations to Control the Effects of the Novel Corona Pandemic: Analytical Study from a Perspective of Islamic Law معايير سن القوانين واللوائح التنظيمية للحد من أثار جائحة كُورونا المُستجد: دراسة تحليلية من المنظور الشرعي

Author

Listed:
  • Faisal Mahmoud Atbani

    (Assistant Professor of Law, Islamic Economics Institute, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

The emerging corona virus (Covid-19) pandemic has raised many questions and disagreement from different sides, each according to his thoughts and belief. Those with liberal thought found in the restrictions imposed on them by the force of law as nothing but a means to restrict public freedoms, and those of capitalist thought found in it a restriction of the principle of the free market. Consequently, governments shall not deeply interfere in social and economic affairs. As for Islam, Islamic law has specific rules that have legal goals to achieve public interests. Those rules are deduced from divine texts that do not give the right to one group without another, but rather aim to ward off inevitable corruption, or achieve public interest, or treat harm or relieve embarrassment for the ummah. A pandemic or catastrophe may afflict the entire nation, and impose harm to everyone. Therefore, the function Shariah is to legislate rules that aim to distribute this harm to everyone and balance interests among the contracting parties. Thus, one party does not bear the full damage without the involvement of the other party. Overall, everyone becomes partially affected and absorb part of the damage, while whole society remains safe and escaped from a total destruction. This paper aims to shed the light on the legislative standards adopted by Islamic law in the enactment of laws and regulations and their applications, particularly in the event of pandemics or emergency circumstances. The paper analyses the legislative mechanism for enacting laws and regulations under the Shariah legal system, through which the state (the Wali Al-Amr) seeks to achieve economic, social and health security. In addition, it defines the standards that are used as a guide and directive in the enactment of these laws and regulations, especially in case of emergency circumstances. The paper concludes that the applied scientific studies are considered an effective standard in legislating new laws to regulate the social and economic life of a Muslim state, especially in cases of contemporary issues. أبرزت جائحة وباء فيروس كُورونا المُستجد (كوفيد-19) عدة تساؤلات وامتعاض من جهات مختلفة، كل حسب توجهه ومعتقده. فأصحاب الفكر الليبرالي وجدوا في القيود المفروضة عليهم بقوة القانون ما هي إلا وسيلة لتقييد الحريات العامة، وأصحاب الفكر الرأسمالي وجدوا فيها تقييدًا لمبدأ السوق الحرة، وبالتالي حتمية عدم تدخل الحكومة في تفاصيل الحياة الاجتماعية والاقتصادية. أما في الإسلام، فإن للشريعة الإسلامية قواعد محددة لها مقاصد شرعية تحقق المصالح العامة، فهي قواعد مستنبطة من نصوص ربانية لا تعطي الحق لفئة دون أخرى، وإنما تستهدف درء مفسدة حتمية، أو تحقق مصلحة عامة، أو تعالج ضررًا أو ترفع حرجًا عن الأمة. وقد يصيب الأمة بأكملها جائحة أو كارثة تحتم الضرر على الجميع، فتأتي القواعد الشرعية لتوزع هذا الضرر على الجميع وتوازن المصالح بين المتعاقدين، فلا يتحمل طرف كامل الضرر دون طرف آخر، فيصبح الجميع وقد تحمل جزء من الضرر، ويبقى العموم وقد نجا من الهلاك. تستهدف هذه الورقة تسليط الضوء على المعايير التشريعية التي أقرتها الشريعة الإسلامية في سن القوانين واللوائح التنظيمية وتطبيقاتها في حالة وجود جوائح أو الظروف الطارئة. فالورقة تقوم بتحليل الآلية التشريعية لسن القوانين واللوائح التنظيمية في ظل منظومة الشريعة الإسلامية التي من خلالها تسعى الدولة (ولي الأمر) لتحقيق الأمن الاقتصادي والاجتماعي والأمن الصحي. كذلك التعريف بالمعايير التي تُستخدم كدليل ومناط في سن هذه القوانين واللوائح وخصوصًا في حالة الظروف الطارئة. وتستنتج الورقة أن الدراسات الدنيوية التطبيقية تعتبر معيارًا فعالاً في تشريع القوانين المستجدة المنظمة للحياة الاجتماعية والاقتصادية للدولة المسلمة خصوصًا في حالات النوازل.

Suggested Citation

  • Faisal Mahmoud Atbani, 2020. "Criteria for Enacting Laws and Regulations to Control the Effects of the Novel Corona Pandemic: Analytical Study from a Perspective of Islamic Law معايير سن القوانين واللوائح التنظيمية للحد من أثار جا," Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics Institute., vol. 33(3), pages 141-158, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:abd:kauiea:v:33:y:2020:i:3:no:8:p:141-158
    DOI: 10.4197/Islec.33-3.8
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Novel corona pandemic; legislation and law making; regulations; Shariah based policies. جائحة كُورونا، التشريعات وسن القوانين، اللوائح التنظيمية، السياسة الشرعية.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies

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