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Assessing the Call for a Total Break between Islamic and Conventional Economics تقويم الدعوة إلى القطيعة بين الاقتصادَين الإسلامي والوضع

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  • Muhammad Anas Zarqa

    (Senior Advisor, Shura Sharia Consultancy, Kuwait)

Abstract

After a brief comment on the lead paper by Dr. Belabes, the First part of this paper puts the discussion in a broad framework, and calls attention to some values and positive statements that Islamic economics (IE) shares with conventional economics (CE), by which I refer to economics as generally taught at Western universities, especially the neoclassical school. The Second part discusses a common argument advanced by callers for a total break, namely that the basic assumptions about human behavior, and the worldviews are very different between IE and CE. I find that common argument inconsistent with Islam’s actual approach to culture and institutions in pre-Islamic Arabia. The Islamic approach shuns blanket acceptance or rejection of any institution or piece of human knowledge, and calls for detailed case by case assessment, then adoption, rejection, or acceptance after modification. The Islamic approach also enjoins severability wherever possible, to salvage good parts from a bad whole. I support my understanding by quoting some prominent Sharīʿah scholars. The Third part of this paper addresses another argument for total break from conventional economics, namely, its assumption of selfishness of economic agents. I argue that simplifying assumptions such as this one are unavoidable in social sciences. Furthermore, the selfishness assumption has been accepted by Islamic Sharīʿah in the sphere of pecuniary exchanges, and Muslim jurists derived nuanced rules about when acting selfishly is permitted or prohibited. بعد تعليق قصير على الورقة الرئيسية في هذا الحوار للدكتور بلعباس، يضع القسم الأول من ورقتي هذه الموضوع في إطار فكري عام، ويُذكّر بعدد من القيم ومن المقولات الوصفية يشترك فيها الاقتصادان الإسلامي والوضعي (الذي أقصد به علم الاقتصاد السائد تدريسه في الجامعات الغربية وبخاصة المدرسة النيوكلاسيكية). ثم أناقش في القسم الثاني حجة يسوقها الداعون إلى طَلَاقٍ بَائِن وقطيعة كاملة بين الاقتصاد الإسلامي والاقتصاد الوضعي؛ مرتكز هذه القطيعة أن الافتراضات الأساسية حول السلوك الإنساني والنظرة العالمية للوجود تختلف تمامًا بينهما. وانتهي إلى أن القطيعة المذكورة لا تنسجم مع منهج الشريعة الإسلامية في تعاملها مع الثقافة والمؤسسات التي كانت قائمة قبل الإسلام في جزيرة العرب، والذي يتلخص بعدم الرفض ولا القبول بادي الرأي لأية معلومة أو مؤسسة إنسانية، بل التمحيص ثم القبول أو الرفض أو التصحيح على بيّنة. كما ترشدنا الشريعة للتجزئة ما أمكن، لاستنقاذ الأجزاء الصالحة إن وجدت ولو من كثير فاسد. وأؤيد موقفي مستشهدًا بموقف بعض كبار الفقهاء من المعارف الإنسانية. وفي القسم الثالث أفند مبررًا آخر يساق للقطيعة مع الاقتصاد الوضعي هو افتراضه الأَثَرَة (الأنانيّة) الكاملة في تصرفات البشر، وتجاهله نوازع أُخرى سواها. وأحتج بعدم إمكان الاستغناء عن الافتراضات التبسيطية عمومًا وهذا منها، وبأن الشريعة أباحت الأثرة في مجال المعاوضات المالية، وفصَّل الفقهاء المجالات التي تجوز فيها أو تحرم.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Anas Zarqa, 2019. "Assessing the Call for a Total Break between Islamic and Conventional Economics تقويم الدعوة إلى القطيعة بين الاقتصادَين الإسلامي والوضع," Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics Institute., vol. 32(3), pages 115-126, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:abd:kauiea:v:32:y:2019:i:3:no:6:p:115-126
    DOI: 10.4197/Islec.32-3.6
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Islamic economics; Economic methodology; Comparative economic systems. الاقتصاد الإسلامي، المنهجية الاقتصادية، النظم الاقتصادية المقارنة.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • B4 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - Economic Methodology
    • B59 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - Current Heterodox Approaches - - - Other
    • P4 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Other Economic Systems
    • P5 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Comparative Economic Systems

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