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The Legitimacy of Islamic Issuances based on Degradation of Ownership مشروعيّة عمليات الإصدار الإسلاميّة المستندة إلى تجزئة الملكيّة

Author

Listed:
  • Mohyedine HAJJAR

    (Financial Law Researcher, Panthéon-Sorbonne University Lecturer, New Sorbonne University)

Abstract

This paper provides a common basis for discussion between lawyers and Islamic scholars about some legal and Islamic concepts affecting the Islamic finance industry. Some forms of Islamic finance instruments issuances and their engineering are still the subject of debate big controversy, especially issuances whose structuring is based on degradation of ownership as it is adopted in the Anglo-Saxon trust. Therefore the main question that arises from this debate is: Could we consider Islamic financial instruments’ holders as ‘real’ owners of the assets on the basis of their equitable ownership that exists in the Trust laws? To address this question, the paper presents the emergence of fiduciary transactions and origin of the degradation of the ownership in Trust operations and the definition of the content of legal and equitable ownership. Equitable ownership is a personal right that entitles ‘the owner’ of possessing assets and all their results, while the legal ownership includes all the legal powers given to the owner. Due to obligation of considering the Islamic financial instruments’ holders as owners of assets, issues of Islamic financial instruments that give operators an equitable ownership form a violation of Islamic legal norms. As for any attempt of basing Islamic financial instruments by giving their operators a usufructuary ownership, it requires analysis of this term and a presentation of its origin. In fact, there is an arbitrary and inaccurate translation of the term «equitable ownership». Therefore, the degradation of the ownership that is adopted from Trust law cannot provide a suitable legal framework for the issuances of Islamic financial instruments. This is so, because majority of the ‘Islamic’ instruments have become conventional debt securities and their revenues have become a prohibited ribā. تشكل هذه الورقة أرضية مشتركة للحوار بين القانونيين والفقهاء حول بعض المفاهيم القانونيّة والفقهيّة المؤثرة في الصناعة المصرفيّة الإسلاميّة، لأن بعض صور إصدارات الأوراق الماليّة الإسلاميّة وهياكلها لا زالت محلّ تجاذب بين الجواز والمنع، خاصّة تلك الإصدارات التي تبنى هيكلتها على مفهوم تجزئة الملكيّة المعتمدة في التراست (trust) الأنجلوساكسوني. لذا فالسؤال الأساس الذي يبقى مطروحًا: هل يصح اعتبار حاملي هذه الأدوات الماليّة الإسلاميّة مالكين للأصول استنادًا إلى حق الملكية الاقتصاديّة الممنوح لهم وفق أحكام التراست؟ للإجابة عن هذا التساؤل، تعرض الورقة نشأة العمليّة الائتمانية ومصدر ظهور تقسيم الملكيّة في التراست، مما يسهّل لاحقًا تحديد مضمون الملكيّة الاقتصاديّة والملكيّة القانونيّة. ونظرًا إلى وجوب اعتبار حاملي الأدوات الماليّة مالكين للأصول، فإنّ إصدار الأدوات الماليّة مع منح حامليها ملكيّة اقتصاديّة يشكّل خروجًا عن الضوابط الشرعيّة. أمّا محاولة تأصيل الأدوات المالية الإسلاميّة عبر منح حامليها ملكية نفعيّة فإنّه يستلزم تحليل هذا المصطلح وبيان مصدره. وتخلص الورقة إلى أن تجزئة الملكيّة المعتمدة في التراست لا تشكل أساسًا شرعيًا سليمًا لإصدار الأدوات الماليّة، مما يجعل هذه الأدوات مجرد سندات دَيْن لتصبح عوائدها من قبيل الربا المحرم شرعًا.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohyedine HAJJAR, 2015. "The Legitimacy of Islamic Issuances based on Degradation of Ownership مشروعيّة عمليات الإصدار الإسلاميّة المستندة إلى تجزئة الملكيّة," Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics Institute., vol. 28(3), pages 235-265, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:abd:kauiea:v:28:y:2015:i:3:no:7:p:235-265
    DOI: 10.4197/Islec.28-3.7
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