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Credit Cards: Contemporary Issues from Economic and Shari’ah Perspective بطاقات الائتمان: قضايا اقتصادية وشرعية معاصرة

Author

Listed:
  • Abdelazeem Abozaid

    (Associate Professor of Islamic Finance Islamic Finance Program, Qatar Faculty of Islamic Studies, Qatar Foundation)

Abstract

Islamic banks and financial institutions have started recently issuing Islamic credit cards as substitutes to the conventional credit cards, after the later were unanimously deemed unlawful by the Sharīʿah scholars due to the ribā involved therein. However, the Islamic credit cards are not of the same structures; some have been constructed on the basis of ʿīnah and tawarruq sales despite the fact that these two sales were ruled as unlawful by the fiqh academies. The most common structure of Islamic credit cards, however, is the ijārah model where the card issuer is deemed a lessor of the services embedded in the credit card, in addition to some other additional services, but not the credit provided to the cardholder against fixed periodical fee. Although this structure seems acceptable from Sharīʿah point of view, it involves some Sharīʿah issues that need to be carefully addressed before attempting to judge their validity. The paper comes to elaborate on these important issues and analyze the different contractual relationship involved in these cards in an attempt to outline the prospectus of a genuinely Sharīʿah compliant credit card. أصدرت المؤسسات المالية الإسلامية بطاقات ائتمان (Credit Cards) أريد بها أن تكون بديلاً عن بطاقات الائتمان التقليدية بعد أن اتفق القول الفقهي المعاصر على حرمة بطاقات الائتمان التقليدية لما تتضمنه من ربا، أو اتفاقٍ على الربا. وتعددت هيكلات البطاقات الصادرة عن تلك المؤسسات؛ فمنها الصادر على أساس بيع العينة، ومنها الصادر على أساس بيع التورق، على الرغم من حرمة هذين البيعين وصدور قرار مجمع الفقه الإسلامي الدولي بحرمتهما. ومنها، وهو الأكثر شيوعًا، الصادر على أساس إجارة الخدمات، ليكون حامل البطاقة مستأجرًا للخدمات المختلفة التي تتضمنها البطاقة مقابل أجر ثابت غير مرتبط بقيمة مشترياته، أي بالمبلغ المقترَض. والنموذج الأخير مقبول من حيث الأصل لكن تكتنفه قضايا شرعية مهمة تنبغي مراعاتها لتسلم شرعية البطاقات الصادرة على أساسه. عمِل البحث على إجلائها وتعليلها بعد التقديم لذلك ببيان سبب حرمة بطاقات الائتمان التقليدية، وبيان مختلف العلاقات التعاقدية التي تحكم الأطراف الفاعلة والأساسية في عملية إصدار البطاقات وآلية عملها، وذلك بغية الوصول إلى هيكلة شرعية سليمة المبدأ والتطبيق.

Suggested Citation

  • Abdelazeem Abozaid, 2015. "Credit Cards: Contemporary Issues from Economic and Shari’ah Perspective بطاقات الائتمان: قضايا اقتصادية وشرعية معاصرة," Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics Institute., vol. 28(3), pages 185-213, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:abd:kauiea:v:28:y:2015:i:3:no:5:p:185-213
    DOI: 10.4197/Islec.28-3.5
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