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The Islamic Insurance System: Sharing the Risk نظام التأمين الإسلامي: التضامن في تحمل الخطر

Author

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  • Abdulrahim A. Al-Saati

    (Islamic Economic Research Center King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

There is conscience between modern Fighs that the commercial insurance, which is based on shifting risk for premium Are prohibited, because of the uncertainty involve, while mutual insurance where the risk is shared by beneficiaries. But the Islamic insurance companies choose a synthesis insurance system, it mixed the commercial with the mutual insurance system, as it shift the risk for premium but beneficiaries share the surplus and to avoid the uncertainty objection in the transaction the premium is considered as a grand, the system suffer internal logical inconsistency. The article tried to solve it by considering the premium is the share of the beneficiaries in accompany its objective is to protect any of its share holder the risk, the system is supported by figh literature. هناك شبه إجماع بين الفقهاء المعاصرون على تحريم التأمين التجاري الذي يقوم على نقل الخطر بعوض بين المؤمن والمستأمن، بسبب الغرر الفاحش في المعاوضة وعلى جواز التأمين التعاوني الذي يقوم على الاشتراك في تحمل الخطر بين مجموع المستأمنين، ورغم ذلك اختارت شركات التأمين الإسلامية نظام تأمين هجين بين التأمين التجاري والتأمين التعاوني سمي التأمين التعاوني الإسلامي، كان ظاهره تعاونيا وحقيقته تجاريا يقوم على نقل المخاطر بعوض، ولكي يجاز الغرر الفاحش فيه أخرج قسط التأمين على أنه تبرعا وهو في حقيقته عوضا، واضطر المستشارون إلى معالجة تناقض التبرع مع استرداد المستأمن لفائض التأمين بهبة الثواب، ويقوم هذا البحث بمعالجة عدم التوافق المنطقي الداخلي لنظام التأمين الإسلامي، وذلك باعتبار القسط هو نصيب المستأمن في شركة تقوم بهدف حماية الشركاء من أي خطر يحدث لأحدهم وقد تم تبرير قيام شركة محلها تقاسم نتائج الخطر بين الشركاء في هذا البحث وضرب أمثلة لها من الأدبيات الفقهية.

Suggested Citation

  • Abdulrahim A. Al-Saati, 2010. "The Islamic Insurance System: Sharing the Risk نظام التأمين الإسلامي: التضامن في تحمل الخطر," Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics Institute., vol. 23(1), pages 55-93, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:abd:kauiea:v:23:y:2010:i:1:no:2:p:55-93
    DOI: 10.4197/Islec.23-1.2
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