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Safety Nets and Social Security in Islam: An Evaluation Study شبكات الأمان والضمان الاجتماعي في الإسلام: دراسة تقديرية

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  • Abduljabbar H.O. Al-Sabhany

    (Department of Economics & Islamic Banking Faculty of Shari'ah & Islamic Studies Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.)

Abstract

This research confirmed that Islam is keen to achieve social security through motivating every individual to ensure the adequacy for himself and for whom he supports, that is first, and then through variety frameworks of Tkafful such as fraternity and kinship, inheritance, neighborhood, and Zakat, at last Islamic state must ensure citizens adequacy of their basic needs.Analytically the research shows the superiority of socio-economic Islamic system in it's: position towards the issue of security and financial, institutional frameworks needed.The issue of social security did not find an obligation in the western systems until eighties of the nineteenth century, and did not enter international attention only in the last century in the Constitution of the ILO and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.However, globally the position of social security started to retreat due to neo-liberal economic philosophy in the last decade, which necessitated the deployment social safety nets that strove to mitigate the effects of poverty, misery and deprivation on the poor communities This research evaluates inherent, timeless and comprehensive security nets in Islam compared to emergency, interim and partial safety nets which is currently adopted. The research recommends renewing commitment to the Islamic position and activating frames for achieving it. في هذا البحث يتأكد حرص الإسلام على تحقيق الأمان والضمان الاجتماعي عبر تفعيل الطاقات والموارد الذاتية للأفراد، لينهض كل قادر بكفاية نفسه ومن يعول باعتبار ذلك تكليفا شرعيا، ثم من خلال أطر متنوعة للتكفيل مثل المؤاخاة والقرابة والإرث والعاقلة والجوار والزكاة، وأخير ضمان الدولة لرعاياها باعتبارها الملجأ الأخير لتأمين كفاية احتياجاتهم الأساسية.وإذ ثبت من استقراء المبنى التشريعي في الإسلام تفوق نظامه الاقتصادي في موقفه المبدئي تجاه قضية الضمان، وفي الأطر المؤسسية والتمويلية المستوعبة لهذا الموقف؛ فإن قضية الضمان الاجتماعي لم تجد التزاما بها في النظم الوضعية حتى ثمانينيات القرن التاسع عشر، ولم تدخل الاهتمام الدولي إلا في القرن الماضي في دستور منظمة العمل الدولية والإعلان العالمي لحقوق الإنسان، والعهد الدولي الخاص بالحقوق الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والثقافية.وبحلول العقد الأخير من القرن الماضي، وبسبب الفلسفة الاقتصادية الليبرالية الحديثة والسياسات التي بنيت على أساسها، رصد عالميا وعلى نحو واضح تراجع خطير في واقع الأمان الاجتماعي، مما استوجب نشر ما عرف في الدراسات الأممية بشبكات الأمان الاجتماعي، التي اجتهدت في أن تخفف آثار تلكم السياسات على المجتمعات الأكثر فقرا، وقد اهتم هذا البحث بتقدير(تقييم) شبكات الأمان والضمان الأصيلة والخالدة والشاملة في الإسلام، مقارنة بتشريعات الضمان الحادثة في اقتصاد السوق، وشبكات الأمان الطارئة والمرحلية والجزئية التي تعاهدتها المنظمات الدولية المعبرة عن توجهاته في ظل العولمة.

Suggested Citation

  • Abduljabbar H.O. Al-Sabhany, 2010. "Safety Nets and Social Security in Islam: An Evaluation Study شبكات الأمان والضمان الاجتماعي في الإسلام: دراسة تقديرية," Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics Institute., vol. 23(1), pages 3-52, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:abd:kauiea:v:23:y:2010:i:1:no:1:p:3-52
    DOI: 10.4197/Islec.23-1.1
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