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Minor and Excessive Ghabn: An Economic Analysis الغبن اليسير والفاحش : تحليل اقتصادي

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  • MOHAMMAD AL-SUHAIBANI

    (Department of Economics & Administrative Science,Imam Muhammad bin Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

This paper utilizes the continuing convergence between price formation models developed by economists and implied by fiqh scholars, to analyze ghabn (lesion), one of most important issues in the exchange of goods. The paper establishes the following main results: (1) Minor ghabn is one of market equilibrium properties that is determined by traders' quotes. Based on this result, the paper shows that al-Imam al- Ghazali position regarding minor ghabn dose not necessarily contradict the position taken by the majority of fiqh scholars. (2) Minor ghabn is a positive function of market liquidly and asymmetric information as noted by some fiqh scholars. (3) Minor ghabn is a positive function of excessive ghabn risk and value volatility. (4) Value trader, who gathers as much information to estimate value, can cause a tolerable excessive ghabn (5) Amanah sales represent a mechanism to limit excessive ghabn. The paper also relate a excessive ghabn to its lawful and unlawful causes and compares value and threshold (separation minor from excessive ghabn) estimation methods used by fiqh scholars and economists. The paper concludes by demonstrating that statistical methods developed by economists can be utilized to detect excessive ghabn, determine its magnitude, and help courts pass judgment on ghabn cases. يقوم هذا البحث باستثمار التقارب بين نماذج تحديد الأثمان عن الاقتصاديين والفقهاء في التحليل الاقتصادي لأحد المسائل المهمة في التبادل وهي الغبن. ومن بين أهم النتائج التي توصل إليها هذا البحث ما يلي : 1- الغبن اليسير أحد خصائص التوازن في السوق ، وتحدد نسبته أسوام البائعين والمشترين. ويتضح تبعا لهذه النتيجة أن رأي الإمام الغزالي وغيره في تفسير الغبن لا يتعارض بالضرورة مع التفسير المشهور الذي أبداه جمهور الفقهاء. 2- تتأثر نسبة الغبن اليسير بمدى رواج المبيع وتباين معلومات المتعاملين حول قيمته كما أشار إلى ذلك بعض الفقهاء. 3- نسبة الغبن اليسير دالة موجبة في كل من احتمال الغبن الفاحش، وتباين القيمة. 4- الاجتهاد في التقويم أحد أسباب الغبن الفاحش المجرد من الخلاية. 5- بيوع الأمانة تمثل آلية لوضع حد أقصى للغبن. ويربط البحث بين الغبن الفاحش وأسبابه المشروعة وغير المشروعة، ويقارن بين طرق التقويم وتقدير حد الغبن الفاحش لدى الفقهاء والاقتصاديين، وينتهي إلى إمكانية استخدام الطرق الإحصائية التي ابتكرها الاقتصاديون في مساعدة المغبون على إثبات دعوى وقوع الغبن وفي تحيد مقداره في صفقة معينة ومساعدة القضاة في التحقق من صحة مثل هذه الدعاوى.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohammad Al-Suhaibani, 2005. "Minor and Excessive Ghabn: An Economic Analysis الغبن اليسير والفاحش : تحليل اقتصادي," Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics Institute., vol. 18(2), pages 3-44, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:abd:kauiea:v:18:y:2005:i:2:no:5:p:3-44
    DOI: 10.4197/islec.18-2.5
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