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Are All Forms of Interest Prohibited? هل الفائدة حرام بجميع أشكالها؟

Author

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  • RAFIC YUNUS AL-MASRI

    (Islamic Economics Research Center King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.)

Abstract

The claim advanced by jurists of Islamic banks (represented by Shari’ah Supervisory/Control Boards, Fiqh Academy of the Organization of the Islamic Conference and the Makkah Academy) that interest in deferred sale transactions is a profit, or a profit margin, and the claim advanced by the jurists of conventional banks (Muhammad Sayyed Tantawi, the legal opinion issued by Al Azhar Research Academy, Egypt, in 1923H) that calls interest in loans or deposits a profit leads to unlimited profit, for profit has no limit neither in Islamic Shari’ah nor in western capitalism. Calling things by their true name, including interest, would lead to a limited interest rate, a rate that would be determined by the central banks, even by liberal capitalist countries. Interest rates are subject to pricing on two grounds: the first is related to the monetary and credit policy, the second is related to the man-made laws prevailing in the world, which distinguish between interest and usury (where usury here means exorbitant and unfair interest rate). Thus interest is limited and is determined by the central bank, whereas profit rates are unlimited. Dissociating the issue from interest and linking it to profit would delight the greedy financiers to a high degree; the victims would of course be the weak borrowers. Some jurists of Islamic banks are searching for an indicator, a yardstick other than the interest rate, but their search would be a waste of time and effort; victims will increase in number and those searching for this alternative yardstick will ultimately discover how futile their search has been, for they will never find an alternative indicator to interest. إن لجوء فقهاء المصارف الإسلامية ( الهيئات الشرعية، ومجمع جدة، ومجمع مكة ) إلى تسمية الفائدة في البيوع المؤجلة ربحاً ، أو هامش ربح ، وكذلك لجوء فقهاء البنوك التقليدية ( محمد سيد طنطاوي، وفتوى مجمع بحوث الأزهر بمصر في رمضان 1423هـ) إلى تسمية الفائدة في القروض أو الودائع ربحاً ، إنما يؤدي إلى ربح غير محدود، لأن الربح لا حد له في الإسلام وفي الرأسمالية أيضا . أما تسمية الفائدة باسمها فهذا يؤدي إلى فائدة محدودة، ومحددة من قبل البنوك المركزية، حتى في الدول الرأسمالية الليبرالية. فالفوائد خاضعة للتسعير نسبيين: الأول يتعلق بالسياسة النقدية والائتمانية، والثاني يتعلق بالقوانين الوضعية السائدة في العالم ، والتي تميز بين الفائدة والربا. وعلى هذا فإن الفائدة محدودة وخاضعة لتسعيرة البنك المركزي، والربح غير محدود ، وفك العملية عن الفائدة، وربطها بالربح ، يطير به فرحاً الممولون الجشعون، ويكون ضحاياه المدينون الضعفاء. ويبحث بعض الفقهاء في البنوك الإسلامية عن مؤشر آخر غير الفائدة، ولكنهم سيضيعون الوقت، وستزداد الضحايا، وسيجهدون أنفسهم بلا طائل ، ولن يعثروا على مؤشر آخر.

Suggested Citation

  • Rafic Yunus Al-Masri, 2004. "Are All Forms of Interest Prohibited? هل الفائدة حرام بجميع أشكالها؟," Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics Institute., vol. 17(1), pages 87-92, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:abd:kauiea:v:17:y:2004:i:1:no:7:p:87-92
    DOI: 10.4197/islec.17-1.7
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    Cited by:

    1. Bismi Khalidin & Raja Masbar, 2017. "Interest Rate and Financing of Islamic Banks in Indonesia (A Vector Auto Regression Approach)," International Journal of Economics and Finance, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 9(7), pages 154-164, July.

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