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Notes on Jurisprudence of the Islamic Banking ملاحظات في فقه الصيرفة الإسلامية

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  • ABDUL JABBAR HAMAD UBAID AL-SUBHANI

    (College of Economics and Management Sciences Al al-Bait University, Al-Mafraq, Jourdon)

Abstract

Islamic banking has witnessed a noticeable leniency and Islamic bank’s enthusiasm has declined. In fact they are now in a defensive position due to the dubious condition created by contemporary juristic opinions, as they started arguing for the guarantee of mudarabah deposits, which, in substance and for all practical purposes, means that the duration of deposits shall be determining their share in the profits. It is almost impossible, in the wake of frequent depositing and withdrawal, to calculate them on the basis of recurring profits. As for rnurarabah is concerned, which is the dominant form of investment for most of Islamic banks, it has gone far away from the actual fonn of murarabah sale as drawn by the knowaJIqhi schools. Basically, it was a kind of obligatory sale promise with fill description of the object though not free from doubt& The methodological research in contemporary application of the two contracts - murarabah and mudataba - is the object of this paper in order to understand points of defects in their application and to offer possible suggestions to avoid them by pursuing the banking operation, starting form its simple form to its more complicated and compound one, whether for securing resources or investing them. Indeed, making clear the fig/mi condition and keeping away from the vested interests, provide firmnes in the functioning of the Islamic bank and strengthening its position. Thus, the bank has to work either as mudarib, bearing the risk and sharing the profit, or as an intermediary, receiving fixed payment without bearing any risk. As for murabahah is concerned, one should abandon making it an absolute binding promise and opt for relinquishing the idea of promise altogether to get out of the dubious circle which stands as a hurdle between the bank and the public. شهدت الصيرفة الإسلامية تهاوداً ملحوظاً وخف الحماس للمصارف الإسلامية بل وأصبحت في موقع الدفاع عن النفس بسبب حالة التشكك التي أفضت إليها الإجتهادات الفقهية المعاصرة ، إذ قالت بضمان مال المضاربة ، وخلصت عمليا إلى أن عمر الوديعة هو المحدد لنصيبها من الربح ، هذا في ظل توالي الإيداعات والسحوبات مما يستحيل معه محاسبة الأرباح على أساس التنضيض الفعلي . أما في جانب المرابحة وهي الصورة الأوسع لتوظيفات جل المصارف الإسلامية ، فقد انتهت إلى صيغة بعيدة عن بيع المرابحة برسمها الفقهي المعروف ، ألا وهي صيغة بيع المواصفة مع الوعد الملزم ، مع ما يثير ذلك من إشكال . والتحقيق المنهجي في التطبيق المعاصر لكلا العقدين ، المضاربة والمرابحة ، هو مسلك هذا البحث للتعرف على نقاط الخلل في تطبيقاتهما واقتراح ما يمكن لتجاوز ذلك بتعقب العملية المصرفية من أبسط صورها صعوداً إلى الصور الأعقد والأكثر تركيباً ، سوءا في مجال الحصول على الموارد أم في مجال توظيفها . إن وضوح التكييف الفقهي والبعد عن الانتقائية القائمة على الغرض هو الذي يرصن مسلك المصرف ويدعم مكانته . فالمصرف إما أن يكون مضاربا يتحمل المخاطرة ويشارك في الربح ، أو وسيطاً مأجوراً غير موزور بها ز وفي مجال المرابحة ينبغي أن يتخلى عن الإلزام في الوعد إطلاقا بل والأولى أن يتخلى عن فكرة الوعد إجمالا ليخرج من دائرة الشبهات المحققة التي توشك أن تقيم حاجزاً بين المصرف الإسلامي وجمهوره.

Suggested Citation

  • Abdul Jabbar Hamad Ubaid Al-Subhani, 2003. "Notes on Jurisprudence of the Islamic Banking ملاحظات في فقه الصيرفة الإسلامية," Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics Institute., vol. 16(1), pages 3-57, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:abd:kauiea:v:16:y:2003:i:1:no:5:p:3-57
    DOI: 10.4197/islec.16-1.5
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