How sleep quality shapes post-vaccination health: A multi-organ system investigation

Significant diversity remains regarding the reported adverse events post COVID-19 vaccinations. However, the data on the impact of sleep on COVID-19 vaccination’s adverse effects are very limited. This hinders our capacity to deliver truly personalised risk-benefit guidance and optimise vaccination strategies for diverse populations. Therefore, the study aims to explore the impact of sleep duration on the body systems post-COVID-19 vaccinations among healthy adults. This cross-sectional study was conducted between April 1 and June 30, 2022, in the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. The survey instrument is composed of two main core components. First, participant characteristics include health data, age, gender, body metrics, and sleeping habits. Second, self-reported body system side effects were assessed using a 32-item questionnaire. A total of 375 participants completed the survey and were included in the study. The majority were Female, obese and young participants. The majority of participants exhibited optimal sleep patterns. Our findings suggest that inadequate sleep may be accompanied by cardiorespiratory side effects such as shortness of breath and chest pain, and neurological side effects such as headache and dizziness after all COVID-19 vaccination doses. Moreover, involvement of gastrointestinal, dermatological, and musculoskeletal systems can follow in irregular temporal patterns after sequential COVID-19 vaccine doses. In conclusion, sleep-deprived individuals, particularly young healthy, may face amplified potential risks post COVID-19 vaccination, particularly after repeated vaccination doses. Understanding these interactions is crucial for developing personalised vaccination approaches that maximise benefits while minimising harm, particularly as booster vaccination.