Comparative analysis of navigation system maintenance methods on var-ious types of vessels and ships

This study examines approaches to maintaining navigation systems on naval vessels, focusing on practices within the Naval Forces of Kazakhstan. The goal is to enhance operational reliability and combat readiness. Data from public sources were analyzed and compared to derive context-specific recommendations. Maintenance methods ranging from scheduled preventive routines to modernization depend on factors such as vessel type, operating environment, and technical support. The research includes fleets from the U.S., EU (notably France and the Netherlands), and Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan’s fleet comprises Bars-MO missile-artillery ships, Bars-class patrol vessels, and various boats such as Sunkar, Burkit, FC-19, and Aybar. Preventive maintenance ensures reliability but is often excessive for low-utilization Kazakh vessels, increasing costs. Condition-based maintenance is more efficient but underutilized due to limited infrastructure. A hybrid strategy is proposed, combining enhanced diagnostics for Bars and Bars-MO vessels, optimized spare part logistics for patrol boats, and inertial navigation systems for special-purpose craft. Additionally, the development of maintenance bases in Aktau and Bautino, local storage facilities, and 3D modeling tools are recommended. These integrated measures aim to improve fleet readiness in the Caspian Sea amid logistical and resource limitations.