Some factors affecting environmental accounting in pharmaceutical listed enterprises on the Vietnamese stock market

In the context of globalization and increasing awareness of environmental issues, the pressure on businesses to manage and minimize negative impacts on the environment is becoming increasingly urgent. Environmental accounting has emerged as an important management tool, providing information on costs and benefits related to environmental activities, supporting businesses in making more sustainable and effective business decisions. In particular, the pharmaceutical industry, with its complex production processes, the use of many chemicals, and the generation of special types of waste, including hazardous medical waste, has the potential to cause significant impacts on the environment if not strictly managed. The effective application of environmental accounting not only helps pharmaceutical companies control environmental costs and comply with legal regulations, but also enhances the corporate image and better manages risks. In Vietnam, the pharmaceutical market is growing strongly, with many companies listed on the stock exchange. The implementation of environmental accounting in these enterprises is not only an increasing requirement from investors and stakeholders but also an important factor in enhancing transparency, accountability, and competitiveness. However, the implementation of environmental accounting in the Vietnamese pharmaceutical industry still faces many challenges in terms of awareness, capacity, and legal framework. Therefore, this study focuses on exploring and analyzing the main factors affecting the implementation of environmental accounting in pharmaceutical companies listed on the Vietnamese stock exchange. Identifying these factors will provide insights, serving as a basis for proposing solutions to promote the widespread and effective application of environmental accounting in the pharmaceutical industry, contributing to the sustainable development of both enterprises and the Vietnamese economy. This study is expected to make practical contributions to both academics, business managers, and policymakers in the field of environmental accounting and management, towards building a sustainable and environmentally responsible pharmaceutical industry. Potential factors considered include business characteristics, pressure from stakeholders, internal capacity of the business, and external factors. Clarifying the impact of each of these factors will help managers make appropriate decisions to promote the implementation of environmental accounting in their businesses.