Leveraging recycling initiatives for youth empowerment and environmental sustainability: A case study of Mombasa, Kenya

Solid waste management remains a critical global challenge, impacting both environmental sustainability and public health. This study examines the role of recycling initiatives in fostering youth development in Mombasa, Kenya, where nearly 45% of the population comprises young people. Despite this demographic prominence, only about 20% actively participate in waste management efforts, as indicated by recent community surveys. Addressing this gap, the research evaluates how youth involvement in recycling initiatives influences their personal and socio-economic development. The study adopted a survey research design and employed purposive sampling to collect data. From a population of 300 urban youth engaged in waste collection, a sample of 175 respondents was selected using the Taro Yamane formula, ensuring a 95% confidence level with a 5% margin of error. Primary data collection involved structured questionnaires, with a pilot study conducted in Nakuru City to validate research instruments. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS, incorporating descriptive statistics and advanced quantitative techniques, including t-tests, ANOVA, and correlation analysis. Results were visually represented using bar charts, graphs, tables, and pie charts for clarity. Findings revealed a significant correlation (r = 0.361, p = 0.000) between youth participation in recycling initiatives and youth development. Regression analysis further confirmed the positive impact of these initiatives, highlighting the crucial role of youth in addressing urban sustainability challenges. The null hypothesis was rejected, affirming that engagement in recycling efforts positively influences youth development. Survey responses reflected a strong consensus on the benefits of youth participation in waste management initiatives. Beyond contributing empirical evidence on the link between youth involvement in recycling and development, this study offers policy recommendations for designing inclusive waste management programs, highlights the role of youth in urban sustainability, and emphasizes community engagement in environmental conservation. It also provides a foundation for future research on sustainable waste management practices and youth empowerment in Kenya and similar urban settings.