Formation of technical competencies of university students based on professionally oriented physics education

The article is dedicated to the study of technical competencies (TC) of university students and their development through professionally oriented physics education. The aim of this research is to provide a theoretical justification and practical basis for developing content and methods aimed at enhancing the TC of university students through professionally oriented education in physics. The work is based on fundamental principles of personality and activity theory. The structure, content, levels, components, criteria, and indicators of TC are defined. A model of the future bachelor's activity is presented using the example of the «Electrical Power Engineering» specialty to determine educational goals related to professional tasks in the industry. A technology for effectively developing TC in first-year students of technical universities based on professionally oriented education has been developed, linking all components of training with the competencies necessary for professional activity. The pedagogical study involved 283 students, including 103 from the experimental group and 180 from the control group. Theoretical methods, numerical calculations, and experimental data were used to compare the research results. Pedagogical conditions for developing technical competencies in students during professionally oriented physics education have been identified. According to pedagogical research data, it has been proven that the formation of TC in university students within the framework of bachelor’s training in «Electrical Power Engineering» can be effectively implemented by orienting the educational process towards a specialist's activity model. A connection has been established between the levels of technical competency formation and the academic success of students in university.