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Hilflose Entwicklungshilfe?

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  • König, Jörg

Abstract

Die internationale Entwicklungspolitik versucht seit Jahrzehnten, die ökonomische Entwicklung der ärmsten Regionen dieser Welt voranzutreiben. Seit 1960 wurden knapp 5.000 Mrd. US-Dollar an öffentlicher Entwicklungshilfe geleistet. Jedes Jahr kommen - mit steigender Tendenz - weitere Milliarden hinzu. Doch was hat die Entwicklungspolitik der letzten 50 Jahre erreicht? Die Beantwortung dieser Frage ist von besonderer Relevanz, da im Jahr 2015 die entwicklungspolitische Agenda international neu aufgestellt wird. Die Millenniums-Entwicklungsziele (MDGs), das bisherige entwicklungspolitische Prestigeprojekt der Vereinten Nationen, laufen Ende 2015 aus und sollen durch neue, sogenannte Nachhaltige Entwicklungsziele (SDGs) ersetzt werden. Schon jetzt ist absehbar, dass dabei die Anzahl der Entwicklungsziele - und mit ihr das Ausmaß der zu leistenden Hilfe - weiter zunehmen wird. Die Bilanz der Entwicklungspolitik nach bisherigem Muster fällt jedoch eher bescheiden aus. Die meisten MDGs werden nicht erreicht. Insbesondere in den Bereichen Hunger, Primärbildung sowie Kinder- und Müttersterblichkeit gibt es enormen Nachholbedarf. Zudem leben nach wie vor über eine Milliarde Menschen weltweit in extremer Armut - also mit weniger als 1,25 Dollar am Tag. Besonders dramatisch ist die Situation in den afrikanischen Staaten südlich der Sahara, obwohl gerade diese Staaten mit Abstand die meiste Entwicklungshilfe erfahren haben. Zwar hat sich der allgemeine Lebensstandard im weltweiten Durchschnitt durchaus verbessert, dieser Fortschritt beruht aber vornehmlich auf dem ökonomischen Aufholprozess ostasiatischer Staaten, die weniger auf externe Entwicklungsgelder als auf Eigeninitiative und wirtschaftliche Öffnung gesetzt haben. So ist es nicht weiter verwunderlich, dass auch die wissenschaftliche Forschung keinen statistisch signifikanten, positiven Zusammenhang zwischen öffentlicher Entwicklungshilfe und der Steigerung der individuellen Einkommen erkennen kann. In vielen Fällen bewirkt die zumeist paternalistisch anmutende Entwicklungspolitik sogar das Gegenteil. In der gut gemeinten Absicht, wirtschaftliche Entwicklung "von außen" herbeiführen zu wollen, werden vielmehr ineffiziente Strukturen und korrupte Verhaltensweisen zementiert, die für die schwierige Situation der Entwicklungsländer mitverantwortlich sind. [...]

Suggested Citation

  • König, Jörg, 2015. "Hilflose Entwicklungshilfe?," Argumente zur Marktwirtschaft und Politik 128, Stiftung Marktwirtschaft / The Market Economy Foundation, Berlin.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:smwarg:128
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    References listed on IDEAS

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