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Automatisches Validieren von Meldedaten der EU-Bankenaufsicht

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  • Seip, Martin

Abstract

Die weltweite Finanzmarktkrise der Jahre 2007ff und ihre Folgen haben die Wirtschaftswelt nachhaltig erschüttert. Aus den Schlagzeilen dieser Zeit sind dem Leser womöglich noch Begriffe wie "Lehman-Brothers-Pleite", "Subprime-Krise" und "Regulierungsversagen" geläufig. Als Reaktion auf die erkannten Ursachen und zur Verhütung einer Wiederholung dieser Krise hat die EU die Aufsicht über die europäische Finanzbranche erheblich verschärft, vgl. [BrSc_BA, S. 593ff.]. Unter anderem sind europäische Banken seitdem zu regelmäßigen, sehr fein detaillierten Meldungen verpflichtet, mit denen die damals neugeschaffene EU-Bankenaufsichtsbehörde EBA und die nationalen Aufsichtsbehörden die Finanz- und Risikolage der meldenden Banken besser beurteilen können. In diesen elektronischen Meldungen (XML-Dateien im XBRL-Format) sind neben den üblichen Messgrößen aus Bilanz, GuV und Anhang zahlreiche Zusatzkennzahlen zu liefern, vgl. Artikel 99 der [EP_VO_575_2013]. Erkennt die Aufsicht aus einer Meldung Handlungsbedarf bei einer Bank, stehen ihr etwa nach Artikel 18 der [EU_VO_1024_2013] Sanktionsmöglichkeiten zur Verfügung. Es liegt somit auf der Hand, dass solche Meldungen an die EBA vollständig und inhaltlich widerspruchsfrei sein müssen. Durch die oft heterogene IT- und Prozesslandschaft in Banken und die sehr feine Granularität der geforderten Daten ist diese nötige Stimmigkeit der eingereichten Meldungen jedoch oft nicht gegeben. Aus diesem Grund prüft die Aufsicht die eingereichten Meldungen elektronisch mit formelartigen Validierungsregeln. Eine typische Regel prüft etwa die Gleichheit von Aktiva und Passiva in der Bilanz. Andere Regeln rechnen Summenpositionen nach, kontrollieren Grenzwerte und Vorzeichen oder stellen einander ausschließende Datenkonstellationen fest. Eine Meldung wird von der EBA nur akzeptiert, wenn sie alle relevanten Validierungsregeln erfüllt; ansonsten wird sie als offensichtlich widersprüchlich zurückgewiesen. Um valide Meldungen einreichen zu können, sollten Banken ihre Meldedaten vorab hausintern denselben Validierungen unterziehen, die auch die Aufsicht anwendet. Die EBA veröffentlicht die Validierungsregeln und den Meldeumfang auf ihrer Webseite, [EBA_RFW26]. Vorliegendes Werk beschreibt, wie sich diese Daten nutzen lassen, um bankeigene Meldedaten weitgehend automatisiert zu validieren. Durch die häufigen Änderungen an den Melderastern und -regeln wird dieser Prozess immer wieder nötig werden.

Suggested Citation

  • Seip, Martin, 2020. "Automatisches Validieren von Meldedaten der EU-Bankenaufsicht," Wismar Discussion Papers 03/2020, Hochschule Wismar, Wismar Business School.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:hswwdp:032020
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    JEL classification:

    • C81 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs - - - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data; Data Access
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G38 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Government Policy and Regulation

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