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Neue Arbeitsorganisation durch Crowdsourcing: Eine Literaturstudie

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  • Leimeister, Jan Marco
  • Zogaj, Shkodran

Abstract

Crowdsourcing ist in den letzten Jahren für viele Unternehmen eine ernstzunehmende Alternative zur Aufgabenbearbeitung geworden. Es beschreibt die Auslagerung von Aufgaben durch ein Unternehmen oder durch eine Institution an eine undefinierte Masse an Menschen ('Crowd') mittels eines offenen Aufrufs. Beim Crowdsourcing-Modell handelt es sich jedoch nicht nur um ein innovatives Konzept zur Verteilung und Durchführung von Unternehmensaufgaben, sondern vielmehr um eine gänzlich neue Art der Arbeitsorganisation, mit welcher Veränderungen sowohl auf der Arbeitnehmer- als auch auf der Arbeitgeberseite einhergehen.Der Crowdsourcing-Prozess kann idealtypisch in fünf Phasen unterteilt werden: In der ersten Phase erfolgt die Zerlegung der Arbeitspakete in Teilaufgaben sowie die Bestimmung der Lösungs- bzw. Aufgabenanforderungen. In der zweiten Phase wird bestimmt, welche Crowdsourcees im dritten Schritt die jeweiligen Aufgaben bewältigen sollen. In der vierten Phase werden die eingereichten Lösungen zusammengetragen und bewertet, bevor in der letzten Phase die Vergütung der Crowdsourcees erfolgt und die Gesamtaufgabe abgeschlossen wird.Auf Seiten der Crowdsourcees (bzw. Crowdworker) sind die Arbeitsbedingungen und Arbeitsgestaltung - das heißt die Arbeitsformen in der Crowd, die Entlohnung der Crowdworker und auch die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen - von besonderer Bedeutung.Vor diesem Hintergrund wird in der zu Grunde liegenden Literaturstudie der Frage nachgegangen, wie der aktuelle Stand der Forschung zu Ausprägungs-, Arbeits-, Koordinations- und Wertschöpfungsformen rund um Crowdsourcing in der Forschungsliteratur ist.

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  • Leimeister, Jan Marco & Zogaj, Shkodran, 2013. "Neue Arbeitsorganisation durch Crowdsourcing: Eine Literaturstudie," Arbeitspapiere 287, Hans-Böckler-Stiftung, Düsseldorf.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:hbsarb:287
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    2. Gerber, Christine & Krzywdzinski, Martin, 2019. "Entgrenzung in der digitalen Onlinearbeit am Beispiel von Crowdwork," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, pages 25-48.
    3. Georg Jäger & Laura S. Zilian & Christian Hofer & Manfred Füllsack, 2019. "Crowdworking: working with or against the crowd?," Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination, Springer;Society for Economic Science with Heterogeneous Interacting Agents, vol. 14(4), pages 761-788, December.
    4. Maier, Michael F. & Viete, Steffen & Ody, Margard, 2017. "Plattformbasierte Erwerbsarbeit: Stand der empirischen Forschung," IZA Research Reports 81, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    5. Krzywdzinski, Martin, 2021. "Digitalization and change in the global division of labor: Industrial work in transition," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 3, pages 1-1.
    6. Christine Mayrhuber & Julia Bock-Schappelwein, 2018. "Digitalisierung und soziale Sicherheit," WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports), WIFO, vol. 91(12), pages 891-897, December.
    7. Julia Bock-Schappelwein & Michael Böheim & Elisabeth Christen & Stefan Ederer & Matthias Firgo & Klaus S. Friesenbichler & Werner Hölzl & Mathias Kirchner & Angela Köppl & Agnes Kügler & Christine May, 2018. "Politischer Handlungsspielraum zur optimalen Nutzung der Vorteile der Digitalisierung für Wirtschaftswachstum, Beschäftigung und Wohlstand," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 61256, February.
    8. Wilkesmann Maximiliane & Steden Stephanie & Schulz Maximilian, 2018. "Industrie 4.0 – Hype, Hope oder Harm?," Arbeit, De Gruyter, vol. 27(2), pages 129-150, June.
    9. Viola Muster & Ulf Schrader & Susanne Blazejewski & Martina Schäfer & Anke Buhl & Christoph Harrach & Marc Schmidt-Keilich & Elisabeth Süßbauer, 2016. "Integration von Mitarbeitern als Konsumenten in Nachhaltigkeitsinnovationsprozesse," NachhaltigkeitsManagementForum | Sustainability Management Forum, Springer, vol. 24(4), pages 417-421, December.
    10. Lenart-Gansiniec, Regina, 2016. "Importance Of Crowdsourcing In Social Innovations: Evidence From Poland," Journal of Central European Green Innovation, Karoly Robert University College, vol. 4(3), pages 1-12.
    11. Leimeister, Jan Marco & Durward, David & Zogaj, Shkodran, 2016. "Crowd Worker in Deutschland: Eine empirische Studie zum Arbeitsumfeld auf externen Crowdsourcing-Plattformen," Study / edition der Hans-Böckler-Stiftung, Hans-Böckler-Stiftung, Düsseldorf, volume 127, number 323, June.
    12. Hartmut Hirsch-Kreinsen, 2016. "Digitization of industrial work: development paths and prospects [Digitalisierung industrieller Arbeit: Entwicklungspfade und Perspektiven]," Journal for Labour Market Research, Springer;Institute for Employment Research/ Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), vol. 49(1), pages 1-14, July.
    13. Kirchner, Stefan & Matiaske, Wenzel, 2020. "Plattformökonomie und Arbeitsbeziehungen ‒ Digitalisierung zwischen imaginierter Zukunft und empirischer Gegenwart," Industrielle Beziehungen. Zeitschrift für Arbeit, Organisation und Management, Verlag Barbara Budrich, vol. 27(2), pages 105-119.
    14. Helfen, Markus & Wirth, Carsten, 2020. "Management von Arbeit in pluralen Netzwerkorganisationen: Trends, Deutungen und Handlungsoptionen," Working Paper Forschungsförderung 185, Hans-Böckler-Stiftung, Düsseldorf.

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