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Freihandel und Wohlstand gehen zusammen

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  • Schwarzbauer, Wolfgang
  • Koch, Philipp

Abstract

Im Rahmen des ersten Lockdowns während der COVID-19 Pandemie wurde verstärkt gefordert, die weit fortgeschrittene internationale Arbeitsteilung wieder teilweise zurückzufahren und Produktion in Zukunft wieder zu re-regionalisieren bzw. wieder nach Österreich zu bringen. Während diese Forderungen vor dem Hintergrund einer zum Teil schwierigen Versorgungslage mit medizinischem Equipment in einer globalen Pandemie verständlich sind, sind sie jedoch ökonomisch nicht zielführend. Die vorliegende Policy Note zeigt, dass Österreich zu den Gewinnern sowohl der Globalisierung als auch der europäischen Integration der vergangenen 30 Jahre zählt. So sind die Pro-Kopf-Einkommen in Österreich gemäß aktuellen Untersuchungen durch die EU-Mitgliedschaft allein um mehr als acht Prozent größer. Auf Basis aktueller Daten zur internationalen Wirtschaftsverflechtung ist darüber hinaus beobachtbar, dass Österreich zentral in internationalen Wertschöpfungsketten verankert ist. Zwar spielt die inländische Nachfrage für Österreichs Wirtschaft eine wichtige Rolle, dennoch ist die Bedeutung ausländischer Nachfrage für Österreich ebenso entscheidend: Rund ein Drittel der gesamten österreichischen Wirtschaftsleistung wird durch ausländische Endnachfrage bestimmt. Auf Branchenebene besitzen aber einzelne Branchen weitaus höhere Quoten. Dies gilt vor allem für die Industrie (z.B. die Kraftfahrzeugherstellung oder Metallerzeugung) aber auch einige Dienstleistungsbranchen (z.B. der Großhandel, der Transport und die Finanzbranche). Aus diesen Ergebnissen ergeben sich weitreichende Implikationen für die Wirtschaftspolitik bei der Bekämpfung der durch die COVID-19 Pandemie ausgelösten Wirtschaftskrise und darüber hinaus. (...)

Suggested Citation

  • Schwarzbauer, Wolfgang & Koch, Philipp, 2020. "Freihandel und Wohlstand gehen zusammen," Policy Notes 43, EcoAustria – Institute for Economic Research.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:ecoapn:43
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    References listed on IDEAS

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