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Auswirkungen der Fluchtmigration auf Wachstum und Beschäftigung in Österreich

Author

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  • Berger, Johannes
  • Strohner, Ludwig
  • Thomas, Tobias

Abstract

Österreich und Europa erleben seit 2015 eine starke Zuwanderung von AsylwerberInnen. Neben Schweden und Deutschland war Österreich das Land der Europäischen Union mit der stärksten Zuwanderung relativ zur Bevölkerung. Die Analyse der volkswirtschaftlichen Effekte für Österreich auf Basis des Makromodells PuMA von EcoAustria zeigt, dass die Beschäftigung aufgrund der Fluchtmigration bis 2030 um 42.000 Personen mehr zunehmen wird, als es ohne Fluchtmigration der Fall wäre. Das reicht aber nicht, den deutlichen Anstieg des Arbeitskräfteangebots, insbesondere um Geringqualifizierte, vollständig in Beschäftigung zu bringen. Insgesamt wird die Arbeitslosenquote 0,4 Prozentpunkte höher ausfallen als ohne Fluchtmigration. Dies trifft primär die Gruppe der Flüchtlinge selbst. Unter den Ansässigen ändert sich die Arbeitslosenquote hingegen nicht. In einem gewissen Ausmaß werden allerdings geringqualifizierte Ansässige verdrängt. Die starke Zuwanderung von Flüchtlingen erhöht auch die makroökonomischen Größen privater Konsum, Investitionen und BIP. Da die Bevölkerung aber stärker zunimmt, dämpft die Fluchtmigration das BIP pro Kopf leicht. Diese Befunde dürfen allerdings nicht allgemein auf Migration übertragen werden. Vielmehr zeigen eine Reihe von Untersuchungen positive Auswirkungen von Migration, insbesondere durch höher-Qualifizierte. Festzuhalten ist, dass Asyl primär unter humanitären und nicht unter ökonomischen Gesichtspunkten zu sehen ist. Dennoch müssen die wirtschaftlichen und fiskalischen Effekte von Beginn an mitgedacht werden. Die volkswirtschaftlichen Effekte fallen umso positiver aus, je stärker Qualifikationsmaßnahmen greifen und je rascher die Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt gelingt. Aus diesem Grund sollten Aktivierungs- und Qualifikationsmaßnahmen für Asylberechtigte und -werberInnen mit hoher Bleibewahrscheinlichkeit früh beginnen. Durch den hohen Anteil an jungen AsylwerberInnen besteht die Chance, die Qualifikationsstruktur durch Aus- und Weiterbildung noch zu verbessern.

Suggested Citation

  • Berger, Johannes & Strohner, Ludwig & Thomas, Tobias, 2017. "Auswirkungen der Fluchtmigration auf Wachstum und Beschäftigung in Österreich," Policy Notes 13, EcoAustria – Institute for Economic Research.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:ecoapn:13
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    References listed on IDEAS

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