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Small states, small problems?

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Author Info
Easterly, William
Kraay, Aart

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Abstract

Small states have attracted a good deal of research. The authors test whether micro-states are any different from other states in income, growth, and volatility. They find that, controlling for location, smaller states are actually richer than other states in per capita GDP. This income advantage largely reflects a productivity advantage--evidence against the idea that micro-states are unable to exploit increasing rates of return to scale. Small states do not have different per capita growth rates, with or without controls. Their annual growth rates are more volatile, partly because of their greater volatility in responses to terms-of-trade shocks--to which they are exposed because of their greater openness pays off positively in growth. The authors do recommend that small states diversify their risk by opening up more to international capital markets, although the benefits of doing so are still unresolved in the literature. In general, they conclude, small states are nor different from large states and should receive the same policy advice large states do.

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Paper provided by The World Bank in its series Policy Research Working Paper Series with number 2139.

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Date of creation: 30 Jun 1999
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Handle: RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:2139

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Related research
Keywords: Economic Theory&Research; Environmental Economics&Policies; Fiscal&Monetary Policy; Public Health Promotion; Economic Conditions and Volatility; Inequality; Achieving Shared Growth; Economic Theory&Research; Environmental Economics&Policies; Governance Indicators;

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References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. Romer, Paul M, 1986. "Increasing Returns and Long-run Growth," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 94(5), pages 1002-37, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Easterly, William & Rebelo, Sergio, 1993. "Fiscal policy and economic growth: An empirical investigation," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(3), pages 417-458, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  3. Easterly, William & Levine, Ross, 1997. "Africa's Growth Tragedy: Policies and Ethnic Divisions," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 112(4), pages 1203-50, November.
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  4. Armstrong, H. & De Kervenoael, R. J. & Li, X. & Read, R., 1998. "A comparison of the economic performance of different micro-states, and between micro-states and larger countries," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 26(4), pages 639-656, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  5. Streeten, Paul, 1993. "The special problems of small countries," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 21(2), pages 197-202, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Mankiw, N Gregory & Romer, David & Weil, David N, 1992. "A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 107(2), pages 407-37, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  7. Lewis, Karen K, 1996. "What Can Explain the Apparent Lack of International Consumption Risk Sharing?," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 104(2), pages 267-97, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. Farrugia, Charles, 1993. "The special working environment of senior administrators in small states," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 21(2), pages 221-226, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. Srinivasan, T N, 1986. "The Costs and Benefits of Being a Small, Remote, Island, Landlocked, or Ministate Economy," World Bank Research Observer, Oxford University Press, vol. 1(2), pages 205-18, July.
  10. Alesina, Alberto & Spolaore, Enrico, 1997. "On the Number and Size of Nations," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 112(4), pages 1027-56, November.
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  11. Milner, Chris & Westaway, Tony, 1993. "Country size and the medium-term growth process: Some cross-country evidence," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 21(2), pages 203-211, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  12. Briguglio, Lino, 1995. "Small island developing states and their economic vulnerabilities," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 23(9), pages 1615-1632, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  13. Ramey, Garey & Ramey, Valerie A, 1995. "Cross-Country Evidence on the Link between Volatility and Growth," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 85(5), pages 1138-51, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  14. Paul Cashin & Norman Loayza, 1995. "Paradise Lost? Growth, Convergence and Migration in the South Pacific," IMF Working Papers 95/28, International Monetary Fund.
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Cited by:
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  1. Montalbano, Pierluigi & Federici, Alessandro & Triulzi, Umberto & Pietrobelli, Carlo, 2005. "Trade Openness and Vulnerability in Central and Eastern Europe," Working Papers RP2005/43, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER). [Downloadable!]
  2. Teuea Toatu, 2002. "Unravelling the Pacific Paradox," International and Development Economics Working Papers idec02-2, International and Development Economics. [Downloadable!]
  3. Winters, L. Alan, 2000. "Trade, Trade Policy and Poverty: What Are The Links?," CEPR Discussion Papers 2382, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Beine, Michel & Docquier, Frédéric & Schiff, Maurice, 2008. "Brain Drain and its Determinants: A Major Issue for Small States," IZA Discussion Papers 3398, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
  5. Holden, Paul & Holden, Sarah & Malcolm, Bale, 2004. "Swimming Against the Tide," MPRA Paper 4207, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
  6. Jacinto Brito González, 2004. "Conocimiento, geografía e instituciones: Una aproximación a la problemática del crecimiento en el archipiélago canario," Documentos de trabajo conjunto ULL-ULPGC 2004-03, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas de la ULPGC. [Downloadable!]
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