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Improving the SNA: Alternative Measures of Output, Input, Income and Productivity for China

Author

Listed:
  • Chihiro Shimizu
  • Erwin Diewert
  • Koji Nomura

Abstract

The paper defines and computes alternative measures of output, input and Total Factor Productivity (TFP) for the production sector of the Chinese economy. The current System of National Accounts (SNA) input measure that corresponds to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) does not measure the income generated by the production sector since it includes depreciation and excludes capital gains and losses on assets used in the production sector. The paper suggests an accounting framework that addresses these problems with the existing SNA gross income measure and implements a net income measure using the Augmented Productivity Database (APDB) developed by Asian Productivity Organization and Keio University for China over the years 1970-2020. Real gross and real net income generated by the Chinese production sector is decomposed into explanatory factors including TFP growth using the framework suggested by Jorgenson and Diewert and Morrison. TFP growth is further decomposed into technical progress and inefficiency components using the nonparametric approach developed by Diewert and Fox. The APDB has estimates for the price and quantity of agricultural, industrial, commercial and residential land used in China. The paper argues that changes in land use should be treated in the same manner as inventory change and added to the alternative output measures. It turns out that Jorgensonian user costs for land are frequently negative. The problems associated with negative user costs are discussed in the paper.

Suggested Citation

  • Chihiro Shimizu & Erwin Diewert & Koji Nomura, 2023. "Improving the SNA: Alternative Measures of Output, Input, Income and Productivity for China," Working Papers e178, Tokyo Center for Economic Research.
    • Handle: RePEc:tcr:wpaper:e178
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    4. W. Erwin Diewert & Kevin J. Fox, 2022. "Alternative Output, Input and Income Concepts for the Production Accounts," Discussion Papers 2022-05, School of Economics, The University of New South Wales.
    5. Diewart, W Erwin & Morrison, Catherine J, 1986. "Adjusting Output and Productivity Indexes for Changes in the Terms of Trade," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 96(383), pages 659-679, September.
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    7. Kevin Fox & Ulrich Kohli, 1998. "GDP growth, terms-of-trade effects, and total factor productivity," The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 7(1), pages 87-110.
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    Cited by:

    1. Chihiro Shimizu & Yongheng Deng & Tomoo Inoue & Kiyohiko Nishimura, 2024. "Demographics Outlook, Credit Conditions, and Property Prices," Working Papers e198, Tokyo Center for Economic Research.
    2. Josh Martin & Rebecca Riley, 2023. "Productivity measurement - Reassessing the production function from micro to macro," Working Papers 033, The Productivity Institute.

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