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Des préretraites au vieillissement actif : l'évolution des politiques sociales pour les travailleurs âgés de plus de 50 ans en France et en Allemagne (1970-2007) : l'Europe, un levier d'action pour sortir du sentier des préretraites ?

Author

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  • Lou Mandin

    (Centre de recherches politiques de Sciences Po)

Abstract

L’Allemagne et la France sont considérées dans la littérature comme des archétypes de l’Etat social sans travail. Dans le contexte de la crise économique, les deux pays se sont engagés à partir du milieu des années 1970 dans une stratégie de partage de l’emploi, qui en s’appuyant sur les institutions de protection sociale, a conduit à l’éviction progressive des groupes considérés comme moins prioritaires, dont les travailleurs âgés de plus de 55 ans. Progressivement, un sentier de dépendance s’est institutionnalisé et a favorisé le développement d’une culture des âges spécifique. Les tentatives de réformes, au cours des années 1990, se sont heurtées dans les deux pays au poids de l’héritage institutionnel, politique et culturel, et ont fait apparaître un blocage d’autant plus problématique dans le contexte du vieillissement démographique et de la réforme des systèmes de retraite. La proposition au niveau européen d’une stratégie concertée basée sur le principe du vieillissement actif est en ce sens apparue comme un levier d’action, qui a permis de sortir d’une situation de double-contrainte. A partir du début des années 2000, les deux pays se sont engagés à impulser un changement de paradigme vis-à-vis des seniors, qui a progressivement conduit à la reconfiguration des politiques nationales. Dans ce secteur de l’action publique, on observe une européanisation souple, qui s’appuie sur des vecteurs cognitifs et normatifs (engagements communs, échange de bonnes pratiques, diffusion des idées européennes), et conduit à un jeu à somme positive.

Suggested Citation

  • Lou Mandin, 2007. "Des préretraites au vieillissement actif : l'évolution des politiques sociales pour les travailleurs âgés de plus de 50 ans en France et en Allemagne (1970-2007) : l'Europe, un levier d'action pour so," Sciences Po publications info:hdl:2441/5403, Sciences Po.
  • Handle: RePEc:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/5403
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bonoli, Giuliano & Palier, Bruno, 2000. "How do welfare states change? Institutions and their impact on the politics of welfare state reform in Western Europe," European Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 8(3), pages 333-352, July.
    2. Tanja A. Bürzel, 1999. "Towards Convergence in Europe? Institutional Adaptation to Europeanization in Germany and Spain," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(4), pages 573-596, December.
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