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Urban Development, Excessive Entry of Firms and Wage Inequality in Developing Countries

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  • Beladi, Hamid

    (Asian Development Bank Institute)

  • Chao, Chi-Chur

    (Asian Development Bank Institute)

  • Ee, Mong Shan

    (Asian Development Bank Institute)

  • Hollas, Daniel

    (Asian Development Bank Institute)

Abstract

We examine the short- and long-term effects of urbanization, via favorable urban development policies, on income distribution and social welfare for a developing country. The urban manufacturing sector is characterized by imperfect competition and free entry. Urbanization shifts rural workers to the highly productive urban sector, while causing production in urban firms to expand because of scale economies. However, urbanization may worsen wage inequality between skilled and unskilled labor in the short term. In the long term, urbanization can attract new firms to the urban sector, and favorable urban development policies may result in excessive entry of firms, which can amplify wage inequality in the economy. This entry-amplifying effect is confirmed empirically, especially for low- and lower-middle-income countries. If the entry effect is not considered, the impact of urbanization on wage inequality could be understated by 18% for low- and lower-middle-income countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Beladi, Hamid & Chao, Chi-Chur & Ee, Mong Shan & Hollas, Daniel, 2017. "Urban Development, Excessive Entry of Firms and Wage Inequality in Developing Countries," ADBI Working Papers 653, Asian Development Bank Institute.
    • Handle: RePEc:ris:adbiwp:0653
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    Cited by:

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    2. Nguyen Minh Ha & Nguyen Dang Le & Pham Trung-Kien, 2019. "The Impact of Urbanization on Income Inequality: A Study in Vietnam," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-14, September.
    3. Leonard F. S. Wang & Ji Sun, 2023. "Corporate profit tax, firm entry with unemployment, and income inequality," Bulletin of Economic Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 75(2), pages 380-392, April.
    4. Hari Bansha Dulal, 2019. "Cities in Asia: how are they adapting to climate change?," Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Springer;Association of Environmental Studies and Sciences, vol. 9(1), pages 13-24, March.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    urbanisation; firm entry; wage inequality; developing economies;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
    • R23 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population
    • R58 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Regional Government Analysis - - - Regional Development Planning and Policy

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