Andreas Hornstein (Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond) Per Krusell (Princeton University, IIES, CAERP, CEPR, and NBER) Giovanni L. Violante (New York University and CEPR)
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In this chapter we inspect economic mechanisms through which technological progress shapes the degree of inequality among workers in the labor market. A key focus is on the rise of U.S. wage inequality over the past 30 years. However, we also pay attention to how Europe did not experience changes in wage inequality but instead saw a sharp increase in unemployment and an increased labor share of income, variables that remained stable in the U.S. We hypothesize that these changes in labor market inequalities can be be accounted for by the wave of capitalembodied technological change, which we also document. We propose a variety of mechanisms based on how technology increases the returns to education, ability, experience, and “luck” in the labor market. We also discuss how the wage distribution may have been indirectly influenced by technical change through changes in certain aspects of the organization of work, such as the hierarchical structure of firms, the extent of unionization, and the degree of centralization of bargaining. To account for the U.S.-Europe differences, we use a theory based on institutional differences between the United States and Europe, along with a common acceleration of technical change. Finally, we briefly comment on the implications of labor market inequalities for welfare and for economic policy.
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Paper provided by Princeton University, Department of Economics, Center for Economic Policy Studies. in its series Working Papers with number
89.
Find related papers by JEL classification: D3 - Microeconomics - - Distribution J3 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs O3 - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth - - Technological Change
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