Crescimento Econômico Brasileiro e seus Obstáculos – 1930-2015: uma análise histórico-estrutural[The Brazilian Economic Growth and its Constraints - 1930-2015: a historic-structural analysis]

In a period of harsh political-economic crisis, in Brazil, and in which several interpretations of their causes emerge, this paper tries to explain these turbulences considering their deeper long run roots and developments, presenting a retrospective of the associated and subordinated evolution essential to the conduction of many of the main events which the Brazilian economy encountered, in the time range analyzed. This range is divided in shorter periods which we consider clear, in terms of some inflexions that explain, in a general and fundamental framework – emphasizing the behavior of the primary, secondary and tertiary macro-sectors – the evolution and important changes of the national economy. We begin explaining the period 1930-60, of high economic and industrial growth without any major interruption. In the third section, we analyze the period 1961-80, also of high growth, but with a mild inflexion in the beginning of the 1960’s, followed by the so-called Brazilian miracle and the II PND. In the fourth section, we present the evolution of the Brazilian economy and industry, from 1981 to 1992, under the scourge of the external debt crisis and, in the last years of this period, under the hardships generated by the Collor Plan. Finally, the last section shows the almost continuous anti-industrial trend that emerge and remain in Brazil, since the 1990’s, stirred up or at least not disturbed by the two political parties which ruled the nation in this period (PSDB, 1993-2002, and PT, 2003-2015).