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Crescimento Económico Nas Regiões Europeias: Uma Avaliação Sobre A Persistência Das Disparidades Regionais No Período 1980-95

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Author Info
Sandra Tavares Silva () (Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto)
Mário Rui Silva () (Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto)

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Abstract

Procura-se avaliar e contribuir para a explicação da evolução das disparidades regionais na União Europeia ao longo do período de 1980-95. Após constatarmos, por um lado, a elevada amplitude das assimetrias dos níveis regionais de desenvolvimento e, por outro, a inexistência de um processo significativo de convergência absoluta, testamos empiricamente duas explicações alternativas para a não-convergência. A primeira explora a possibilidade de existência de convergência condicionada, à luz de um quadro teórico onde as diferentes regiões europeias estariam a convergir para diferentes níveis de steady-state, sendo que consideramos como variáveis definidoras do nível regional de steady-state variáveis associadas a especificidades nacionais, a diferentes tipos de estrutura económica, à localização regional, a efeitos de aglomeração e à dotação regional em infraestruturas físicas. Os resultados por nós obtidos neste quadro de convergência condicional evidenciam que, mesmo assim, apenas se verificará convergência a um ritmo muito lento, tendo particular relevância factores específicos nacionais não captados pelos outros regressores utilizados. Em alternativa, a análise empírica suportada por um modelo de gap tecnológico permite concluir pela relevância da inovação e da difusão de tecnologia nos percursos regionais de crescimento da União Europeia. Em particular, os resultados sugerem que a difusão tecnológica favorece uma dinâmica de catching-up, na medida em que o seu contributo para o crescimento aumenta para grupos de regiões com menor nível inicial de desenvolvimento, enquanto que o esforço tecnológico próprio tem relevância para o crescimento das regiões ricas e intermédias mas, aparentemente, não explica as diferenças nos ritmos de crescimento das regiões europeias mais pobres.

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Paper provided by Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Economia do Porto in its series FEP Working Papers with number 96.

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Length: 22 pages
Date of creation: 2000
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Handle: RePEc:por:fepwps:96

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