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Effective demand: Securing the foundations - A symposium

Author

Listed:
  • Olivier Allain
  • Jochen Hartwig
  • Mark Hayes

Abstract

This Symposium consists of individual comments by three authors on papers previously published by the other two (Allain, 2009, Hartwig, 2007 and Hayes, 2007) on the topic of Keynes’s principle of effective demand as set out in The General Theory. The Symposium includes updated versions of PKSG working papers 1210, 1211 and 1212 together with an introduction by all three authors. As Allain puts it, there is a closure problem, in our understanding if not in The General Theory itself. Allain’s solution is to redefine effective demand so that it becomes the end point of a process of convergence of expectations on outcomes. Hartwig (following Chick, 1992, in particular) requires entrepreneurs to form a view about aggregate demand rather than simply their own industry price. Hayes retains Keynes’s definition of effective demand and price-taking firms but introduces a division of entrepreneurs between employers and dealers which is not explicit in Keynes’s text.

Suggested Citation

  • Olivier Allain & Jochen Hartwig & Mark Hayes, 2013. "Effective demand: Securing the foundations - A symposium," Working Papers PKWP1302, Post Keynesian Economics Society (PKES).
    • Handle: RePEc:pke:wpaper:pkwp1302
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    File URL: https://www.postkeynesian.net/downloads/working-papers/PKWP1302.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. M.G. Hayes, 2013. "Effective Demand: Securing the Foundations," Review of Political Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(4), pages 661-671, October.
    2. Olivier Allain, 2013. "Effective Demand: Securing the Foundations," Review of Political Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(4), pages 653-660, October.
    3. Mark Hayes, 2007. "The Point of Effective Demand," Review of Political Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(1), pages 55-80.
    4. Olivier Allain, 2009. "Effective Demand and Short-term Adjustments in the General Theory," Review of Political Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(1), pages 1-22.
    5. M. G. Hayes, 2013. "The State of Short-term Expectation," Review of Political Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(2), pages 205-224, April.
    6. Jochen Hartwig, 2013. "Effective Demand: Securing the Foundations," Review of Political Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(4), pages 672-678, October.
    7. Jochen Hartwig, 2007. "Keynes vs. the Post Keynesians on the Principle of Effective Demand," The European Journal of the History of Economic Thought, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(4), pages 725-739.
    8. Kregel, J A, 1976. "Economic Methodology in the Face of Uncertainty: The Modelling Methods of Keynes and the Post-Keynesians," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 86(342), pages 209-225, June.
    9. Olivier Allain, 2013. "Effective Demand: Securing the Foundations," Review of Political Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(4), pages 653-660, October.
    10. Olivier Allain, 2009. "Effective demand and short-term adjustments in the General Theory," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) halshs-00345891, HAL.
    11. repec:pke:wpaper:pkwp1212 is not listed on IDEAS
    12. Casarosa, Carlo, 1981. "The Microfoundations of Keynes's Aggregate Supply and Expected Demand Analysis," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 91(361), pages 188-194, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. M.G. Hayes, 2013. "Effective Demand: Securing the Foundations," Review of Political Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(4), pages 661-671, October.
    2. Hein, Eckhard, 2015. "The principle of effective demand: Marx, Kalecki, Keynes and beyond," IPE Working Papers 60/2015, Berlin School of Economics and Law, Institute for International Political Economy (IPE).
    3. Jochen Hartwig, 2017. "The Comparative Statics of Effective Demand," Review of Political Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 29(3), pages 360-375, July.
    4. Severin Reissl, 2015. "The return of black box economics - a critique of Keen on effective demand and changes in debt," IMK Working Paper 149-2015, IMK at the Hans Boeckler Foundation, Macroeconomic Policy Institute.
    5. Constantinos Repapis, 2020. "Book review: Mark G Hayes, John Maynard Keynes: The Art of Choosing the Right Model," The Economic and Labour Relations Review, , vol. 31(3), pages 470-476, September.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Keynes; effective demand; formation of expectations;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • B22 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - History of Economic Thought since 1925 - - - Macroeconomics
    • B31 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - History of Economic Thought: Individuals - - - Individuals
    • E12 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - General Aggregative Models - - - Keynes; Keynesian; Post-Keynesian; Modern Monetary Theory

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