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Exclusion and discrimination as sources of inter-ethnic inequality in Peru

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  • Manuel Barrón

Abstract

According to the 2003 National Household Survey, mean labour income for an indigenous worker is only 56 percent of that for a non-indigenous worker. Studies of ethnic discrimination in Peru’s labour markets generally find that discrimination is too low to explain inequalities of this magnitude. However, Sigma Theory (Figueroa 2003) predicts that social exclusion is a source of inter-ethnic inequality, and that has not been empirically tested. The primary aim of this paper is to fill this gap by estimating the extent to which exclusion and discrimination contribute to income inequality. Hurdle models are used to tackle down econometric endogeneity of years of schooling and truncation-at-zero of incomes. The results imply that exclusion plays a stronger role on inequality than discrimination: Without exclusion, the Gini of labour income would be reduced from 0.64 to around 0.45, and without discrimination it would be reduced to around 0.50.

Suggested Citation

  • Manuel Barrón, 2006. "Exclusion and discrimination as sources of inter-ethnic inequality in Peru," Documentos de Trabajo / Working Papers 2006-253, Departamento de Economía - Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú.
    • Handle: RePEc:pcp:pucwps:wp00253
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    File URL: http://files.pucp.edu.pe/departamento/economia/DDD253.pdf
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    Cited by:

    1. Atal, Juan Pablo & Ñopo, Hugo R. & Winder, Natalia, 2009. "New Century, Old Disparities: Gender and Ethnic Wage Gaps in Latin America," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 1131, Inter-American Development Bank.
    2. Wozniak, David & MacNeill, Timothy, 2020. "Racial discrimination in the lab: Evidence of statistical and taste-based discrimination," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    3. Williams, Nathalie E. & Bhandari, Prem & Young-DeMarco, Linda & Swindle, Jeffrey & Hughes, Christina & Chan, Loritta & Thornton, Arland & Sun, Cathy, 2020. "Ethno-Caste influences on migration rates and destinations," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 130(C).

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
    • O15 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration
    • C24 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Truncated and Censored Models; Switching Regression Models; Threshold Regression Models

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