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Making the Banking Sector More Resilient and Reducing Household Debt in the Netherlands

Author

Listed:
  • Rafał Kierzenkowski

    (OECD)

  • Olena Havrylchyk

    (OECD)

  • Pierre Beynet

    (OECD)

Abstract

Dutch banks were put under heavy strains early in the global downturn and have comparatively weak financial buffers to cope with new shocks. Falling house prices have increased the share of households with negative home equity to nearly 35% for home-owning households and 40% for mortgage holders. Even though defaults have so far been limited, mortgage amortisation is low and risks are concentrated among younger borrowers who often do not have sufficient resources to cope with adverse shocks. Banks are very large relative to the size of the domestic economy, have sizeable cross-border exposures and rely significantly on wholesale funding. Resolution procedures should be strengthened to reduce the potential cost for the taxpayer and the regulator’s tools available to reduce risks should be expanded. In particular, banks should set aside sufficient provisions for expected losses and problem loans, which requires some harmonisation of the definition of non-performing loans across banks. Higher capital buffers would bolster financial stability and help ensure access to market funding while lowering its cost. Welcome measures have been taken to encourage household deleveraging, but deeper and broader steps are needed to bolster financial stability and improve consumer protection when the housing market starts to recover durably and over the medium term. The stock of existing mortgages should be gradually converted into amortising mortgages, the cap on the loanto- value ratio reduced significantly below 100% and housing subsidies to homeownership cut more decisively. This Working Paper relates to the 2014 OECD Economic Survey of the Netherlands (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-netherlands.htm). Renforcer la capacité de résistance du secteur bancaire et réduire la dette des ménages aux Pays-Bas Les banques néerlandaises ont été mises à rude épreuve au début de la récession mondiale et sont dotées de réserves financières relativement modestes pour faire face à de nouveaux chocs. La baisse des prix immobiliers a fait augmenter la proportion de ménages ayant un patrimoine en logements négatif, qui s'établissait à près de 35 % pour les ménages propriétaires de leur habitation et 40 % pour les titulaires d'un emprunt hypothécaire. Même si les défauts de paiement ont été limités jusqu'ici, l'amortissement des prêts hypothécaires est faible et les risques sont concentrés dans la catégorie des emprunteurs les plus jeunes, qui n'ont souvent pas des ressources suffisantes pour absorber des chocs négatifs. Les banques sont de très grande taille au regard de celle de l'économie néerlandaise, sont très exposées à des risques extérieurs et sont fortement tributaires des financements de marché. Il faudrait renforcer les procédures de résolution des défaillances bancaires afin de réduire leur coût potentiel pour les contribuables, et la palette d'instruments dont dispose l'autorité de régulation pour réduire les risques devrait être élargie. Il conviendrait en particulier que les banques constituent des provisions suffisantes au regard des pertes attendues et des prêts à problème, ce qui passe par une harmonisation de la définition des créances improductives entre les banques. Une augmentation des volants de fonds propres renforcerait la stabilité financière et contribuerait à garantir l'accès aux financements de marché tout en réduisant leur coût. Des mesures bienvenues ont été prises pour encourager les ménages à se désendetter, mais des initiatives plus ambitieuses et de portée plus générale seront nécessaires pour renforcer la stabilité financière et améliorer la protection des consommateurs dès que le marché du logement sera entré dans une phase de redressement durable et à moyen terme. Il faudrait que l'encours de crédits hypothécaires soit converti progressivement en prêts à amortissement régulier, que la quotité de financement maximale soit abaissée à un taux nettement inférieur à 100 %, et que les aides au logement dont bénéficient les propriétaires occupants soient réduites de manière plus décisive. Ce Document de travail se rapporte à l’Étude économique de l’OCDE des Pays Bas, 2014 (www.oecd.org/fr/eco/etudes/pays-bas.htm).

Suggested Citation

  • Rafał Kierzenkowski & Olena Havrylchyk & Pierre Beynet, 2014. "Making the Banking Sector More Resilient and Reducing Household Debt in the Netherlands," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1156, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1156-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5jxz9z0fhcwj-en
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    Cited by:

    1. Christophe André, 2016. "Household debt in OECD countries: stylised facts and policy issues," Chapters from NBP Conference Publications, in: Hanna Augustyniak & Jacek Łaszek & Krzysztof Olszewski & Joanna Waszczuk (ed.), Papers presented during the Narodowy Bank Polski Workshop: Recent trends in the real estate market and its analysis - 2015 edition, chapter 2, pages v1, 33-85, Narodowy Bank Polski.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    amortisation; amortissement; banks; banques; capital; créances improductives; deleveraging; désendettement; financial stability; fonds propres; house prices; household; mortgages; ménages; Netherlands; non-performing loans; Pays-Bas; prêts hypothécaires; stabilité financière;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D14 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Household Saving; Personal Finance
    • D18 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Consumer Protection
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation

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