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Introducing Risky Housing and Endogenous Tenure Choice into Portfolio- Based General Equilibrium Models

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  • Patric H. Hendershott
  • Yunhi Won

Abstract

Portfolio-based general equilibrium models are useful for analyzing the interaction between the structure of individual tax rates and the way particular assets are taxed, for considering the role of differential tax rules and risk in determining household portfolio choices, and for addressing distributional questions. Unfortunately, current versions of these models give housing short shrift; owner housing is assumed to be riskless, rental housing is not a separately identifiable asset, and tenure choice is of necessity exogenously determined. This paper shows how these models can be extended to incorporate a full housing subsector and uses an extended version of the Galper-Lucke-Toder (GLT) model to analyze the impact of the 1986 Tax Act. The interest rate impacts of the extended model are similar to those of GLT: a sharp decline in the fully taxable rate (just over a percentage point), a noticeable fall in the corporate equity rate (two-thirds of a point) and increases in the returns on noncorporate equity and tax-exempt bonds. The capital stock effects are different owing to endogenous tenure choice, the riskiness of owner housing, and the smaller initial holdings of owner housing by high income households. The owner housing stock increases by 3 percent, the increase corning roughly 50/50 from rental housing and state and local capital. The homeownership rate rises by one-half percentage point, virtually all of the increase occurring for households with incomes under $30,000. The small utility gains, $14 billion, are roughly comparable to those of the GLT model. While most of the gains go to high income households, other households also gain, unlike the results originally reported in GLT, which contained computational errors.

Suggested Citation

  • Patric H. Hendershott & Yunhi Won, 1989. "Introducing Risky Housing and Endogenous Tenure Choice into Portfolio- Based General Equilibrium Models," NBER Working Papers 3114, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  • Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:3114
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    1. Essi Eerola & Niku Määttänen, 2013. "The Optimal Tax Treatment of Housing Capital in the Neoclassical Growth Model," Journal of Public Economic Theory, Association for Public Economic Theory, vol. 15(6), pages 912-938, December.
    2. Ling, David C. & McGill, Gary A., 1998. "Evidence on the Demand for Mortgage Debt by Owner-Occupants," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 44(3), pages 391-414, November.
    3. Skinner, Jonathan, 1996. "The dynamic efficiency cost of not taxing housing," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 59(3), pages 397-417, March.
    4. repec:zbw:bofrdp:2005_010 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. Broadbent, Ben & Kremer, Michael, 2001. "Does favorable tax-treatment of housing reduce non-housing investment?," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 81(3), pages 369-391, September.
    6. Patric H. Hendershott, 1997. "Uses of equilibrium models in real estate research," Journal of Property Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(1), pages 1-13, January.
    7. Abdul Munasib & Donald Haurin, 2007. "Time to First Homeownership:Racial Differences, and the Impact of 1986 Tax Reform Act," Economics Working Paper Series 0701, Oklahoma State University, Department of Economics and Legal Studies in Business, revised 2007.
    8. Jonathan S. Skinner, 1994. "Housing and Saving in the United States," NBER Chapters, in: Housing Markets in the United States and Japan, pages 191-214, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    9. Essi Eerola & Niku Määttänen, 2013. "The Optimal Tax Treatment of Housing Capital in the Neoclassical Growth Model," Journal of Public Economic Theory, Association for Public Economic Theory, vol. 15(6), pages 912-938, December.
    10. Eerola Essi & Määttänen Niku, 2006. "On the Political Economy of Housing's Tax Status," The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, De Gruyter, vol. 6(2), pages 1-32, September.
    11. Shoemaker, Robbin A., 1993. "Model of Participation in U.S. Farm Programs," Technical Bulletins 157043, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    12. Follain, James R. & Ling, David C., 1991. "The Federal Tax Subsidy to Housing and the Reduced Value of the Mortgage Interest Deduction," National Tax Journal, National Tax Association, vol. 44(2), pages 147-68, June.
    13. Follain, James R. & Ling, David C., 1991. "The Federal Tax Subsidy to Housing and the Reduced Value of the Mortgage Interest Deduction," National Tax Journal, National Tax Association;National Tax Journal, vol. 44(2), pages 147-168, June.
    14. Leung, Charles, 2004. "Macroeconomics and housing: a review of the literature," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 13(4), pages 249-267, December.
    15. Nordvik, Viggo, 2001. "A Housing Career Perspective on Risk," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 10(4), pages 456-471, December.
    16. Hendershott, Patric H. & Toder, Eric J. & Won, Yunhi, 1991. "Effects of Capital Gains Taxes on Revenue and Economic Efficiency," National Tax Journal, National Tax Association, vol. 44(1), pages 21-40, March.

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