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Who Provides Liquidity, and When?

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  • Sida Li
  • Xin Wang
  • Mao Ye

Abstract

We model competition for liquidity provision between high-frequency traders (HFTs) and slower execution algorithms designed to minimize transaction costs for buy-side institutions (B-Algos). Under continuous pricing, B-Algos dominate liquidity provision by using aggressive limit orders to stimulate HFTs’ market orders. Under discrete pricing, HFTs dominate liquidity provision if the bid–ask spread is binding at one tick. If the tick size is not binding, B-Algos choose between stimulating HFTs and providing liquidity to other non-HFTs. Flash crashes arise under certain parameter values. Transaction costs can be negatively correlated with the bid–ask spread when all traders can provide liquidity.

Suggested Citation

  • Sida Li & Xin Wang & Mao Ye, 2019. "Who Provides Liquidity, and When?," NBER Working Papers 25972, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    • Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:25972
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. van Binsbergen, Jules H. & Diamond, William F. & Grotteria, Marco, 2022. "Risk-free interest rates," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 143(1), pages 1-29.
    2. Bernales, Alejandro & Ladley, Daniel & Litos, Evangelos & Valenzuela, Marcela, 2021. "Dark trading and alternative execution priority rules," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 118866, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    3. Roberto Riccó & Barbara Rindi & Duane J. Seppi, 2021. "Optimal Market Asset Pricing," Working Papers 675, IGIER (Innocenzo Gasparini Institute for Economic Research), Bocconi University.
    4. Haeringer, Guillaume & Melton, Hayden, 2020. "High Frequency Fairness," MPRA Paper 103907, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Marjolein E. Verhulst & Philippe Debie & Stephan Hageboeck & Joost M. E. Pennings & Cornelis Gardebroek & Axel Naumann & Paul van Leeuwen & Andres A. Trujillo‐Barrera & Lorenzo Moneta, 2021. "When two worlds collide: Using particle physics tools to visualize the limit order book," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 41(11), pages 1715-1734, November.
    6. Brolley, Michael & Malinova, Katya, 2021. "Informed liquidity provision in a limit order market," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    7. Degryse, Hans & Karagiannis, Nikolaos, 2019. "Priority Rules," CEPR Discussion Papers 14127, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    8. Thomas H. McInish & Olena Nikolsko‐Rzhevska & Alex Nikolsko‐Rzhevskyy & Irina Panovska, 2020. "Fast and slow cancellations and trader behavior," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 49(4), pages 973-996, December.
    9. Aït-Sahalia, Yacine & Brunetti, Celso, 2020. "High frequency traders and the price process," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 217(1), pages 20-45.

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    JEL classification:

    • G1 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets
    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates

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