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Variations in Infant Mortality Rates among Counties in the United States: The Roles of Social Policies and Programs

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Author Info
Michael Grossman
Steven Jacobowitz

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Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the causes of the rapid decline in the infant mortality rate in the United States in the period after 1963. The roles of four public policies are considered: Medicaid, subsidized family planning services for low-income women, maternal and infant care projects, and the legalization of abortion. The most striking finding is that the increase in the legal abortion rate is the single most important factor in reductions in both white and nonwhite neonatal mortality rates. Not only does the growth in abortion dominate the other public policies, but it also dominates schooling and poverty.

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Paper provided by National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc in its series NBER Working Papers with number 0615.

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Date of creation: Jan 1982
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Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:0615

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References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. Willis, Robert J, 1973. "A New Approach to the Economic Theory of Fertility Behavior," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 81(2), pages S14-64, Part II, . [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Becker, Gary S & Lewis, H Gregg, 1973. "On the Interaction between the Quantity and Quality of Children," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 81(2), pages S279-88, Part II, . [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Karen Davis & Roger Reynolds, 1976. "The Impact of Medicare and Medicaid on Access to Medical Care," NBER Chapters, in: The Role of Health Insurance in the Health Services Sector, pages 391-436 National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!]
  4. Ben-Porath, Yoram & Welch, Finis, 1976. "Do Sex Preferences Really Matter?," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 90(2), pages 285-307, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Theodore J. Joyce, 1987. "The Impact of Induced Abortion on Birth Outcomes in the U.S," NBER Working Papers 1757, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Theodore J. Joyce & Michael Grossman, 1990. "Pregnancy Resolution as an Indicator of Wantedness and its Impact on the Initiation of Early Prenatal Care," NBER Working Papers 2827, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Janet Currie & Jonathan Gruber, 1994. "Saving Babies: The Efficacy and Cost of Recent Expansions of Medicaid Eligibility for Pregnant Women," NBER Working Papers 4644, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  4. Janet Currie & Lucia Nixon & Nancy Cole, 1993. "Restrictions on Medicaid Funding of Abortion: Effects on Pregnancy Resolutions and Birth Weight," NBER Working Papers 4432, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. Theodore Joyce & Michael Grossman, 1991. "The Dynamic Relationship between Low Birthweight and Induced Abortion in New York City: An Aggregate Time-Series Analysis," NBER Working Papers 3211, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  6. William J. Collins & Melissa A. Thomasson, 2002. "Exploring the Racial Gap in Infant Mortality Rates, 1920-1970," NBER Working Papers 8836, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  7. Marianne Bitler & Madeline Zavodny, 2002. "Child Abuse and Abortion Availability," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 92(2), pages 363-367, May. [Downloadable!]
  8. Jonathan Gruber & Phillip Levine & Douglas Staiger, 1997. "Abortion Legalization and Child Living Circumstances: Who is the "Marginal Child?"," NBER Working Papers 6034, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. Kerwin Kofi Charles & Melvin Stephens Jr., 2002. "Abortion Legalization and Adolescent Substance Use," NBER Working Papers 9193, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  10. Barbara L. Wolfe & Robert H. Haveman, 2002. "Social and nonmarket benefits from education in an advanced economy," Conference Series ; [Proceedings], Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, issue Jun, pages 97-142. [Downloadable!]
  11. B. Wolfe & S. Zuvekas, . "Nonmarket outcomes of schooling," Institute for Research on Poverty Discussion Papers 1065-95, University of Wisconsin Institute for Research on Poverty. [Downloadable!]
  12. Victor R. Fuchs & Leslie Perreault, 1985. "The Economics of Reproduction-Related Health Care," NBER Working Papers 1688, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  13. Philip J. Cook & Allan M. Parnell & Michael J. Moore & Deanna Pagnini, 1996. "The Effects of Short-Term Variation in Abortion Funding on Pregnancy Outcomes," NBER Working Papers 5843, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  14. Michael Grossman, 1982. "Government and Health Outcomes," NBER Working Papers 0780, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  15. Alexander J. Cowell, 2006. "The relationship between education and health behavior: some empirical evidence," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 15(2), pages 125-146. [Downloadable!]
  16. Theodore J. Joyce & Michael Grossman & Fred Goldman, 1989. "An Assessment of the Benefits of Air Pollution Control: The Case of Infant Health," NBER Working Papers 1928, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
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