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Making it Work: The Mixed Embeddedness of Immigrant Entrepreneurs in New Zealand

Author

Listed:
  • Cain, Trudie

    (Massey University)

  • Spoonley, Paul

    (Massey University)

Abstract

In seeking economic immigrants, especially those who are skilled, entrepreneurial and with capital to invest, a settler country such as New Zealand has assumed that national and city labour markets/economies will gain by adding to the human capital pool as well as creating new 'economic' activities of various sorts. Economic participation, both as labour but also as typically small business owners, often reflects the nature of mixed embeddedness (Kloosterman and Rath 2003) and especially the relational embeddedness (Portes, cited in, Vertovec 2009) of particular immigrant groups. This is most apparent in relation to social and economic networks, the deployment of human capital, immigrant engagement strategies and transnational activities. Using the concept of mixed embeddedness, this paper examines the strategies and outcomes for migrant entrepreneurs from the People's Republic of China, the Republic of Korea, India, South Africa and the United Kingdom, drawing upon a largely qualitative analysis of immigrant employers from these groups.

Suggested Citation

  • Cain, Trudie & Spoonley, Paul, 2013. "Making it Work: The Mixed Embeddedness of Immigrant Entrepreneurs in New Zealand," IZA Discussion Papers 7332, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp7332
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Phil Cooke, 2007. "Social capital, embeddedness, and market interactions: An analysis of firm performance in UK regions," Review of Social Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 65(1), pages 79-106.
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    Cited by:

    1. Julie Fry, 2014. "Migration and Macroeconomic Performance in New Zealand: Theory and Evidence," Treasury Working Paper Series 14/10, New Zealand Treasury.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    migration; relational embeddedness; structural embeddedness; mixed embeddedness; New Zealand; immigrant entrepreneurs;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J15 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • J39 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Other

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