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Abordaje de la venta ambulante en Guayaquil - Ecuador: desde los discursos hegemónicos a un enfoque basado en los derechos

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  • Villacrés, Lisette
  • Geenen, Sara

Abstract

Las políticas de regeneración urbana que tienen por objeto “embellecer” el espacio público, han tenido impactos disímiles, en particular en lo que respecta a la restricción del acceso al espacio público de algunos grupos considerados “indeseables” en el nuevo paisaje urbano. Este documento se concentra en uno de esos grupos, los vendedores ambulantes informales, que dependen del acceso al espacio público para generar ingresos, y a quienes se les ha prohibido o, restringido la libre circulación. En varias ciudades de América Latina, la venta ambulante es una parte muy importante de la economía informal. Presentamos el caso de Guayaquil, la segunda ciudad más poblada de Ecuador, que ha sufrido un radical proceso de regeneración urbana y gentrificación durante los cuatro mandatos del ex alcalde Jaime Nebot (2000 a 2019). Esto ha empujado a los vendedores ambulantes a zonas periféricas de la ciudad y a la informalidad, y ha provocado un conflicto permanente entre los vendedores ambulantes y las autoridades municipales. Sobre la base de un análisis del discurso y un análisis de las políticas y reglamentos nacionales y locales relativos a la venta ambulante, sostenemos que la venta ambulante se ha enmarcado, consecutivamente, como símbolo de un pasado caótico, como expresión del derecho al trabajo y como emprendedurismo. Estos discursos se tradujeron en un conjunto de políticas que en general no permiten a los vendedores ambulantes reclamar con éxito su acceso al espacio público. Por esa razón, este documento considera que el enfoque del derecho a la ciudad podría abrir más vías políticas de transformación para mejorar las demandas de los vendedores sobre el espacio público, reconociendo dos derechos: el derecho a la apropiación del espacio público y el derecho a participar en las decisiones públicas de la ciudad.

Suggested Citation

  • Villacrés, Lisette & Geenen, Sara, 2021. "Abordaje de la venta ambulante en Guayaquil - Ecuador: desde los discursos hegemónicos a un enfoque basado en los derechos," IOB Discussion Papers 2021.01, Universiteit Antwerpen, Institute of Development Policy (IOB).
    • Handle: RePEc:iob:dpaper:202101
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Keywords

    Ecuador; street vending; informal economy; Guayaquil;
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