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VIVAT, CVAT and All That: New Forms of Value-Added Tax for Federal Systems

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  • Mr. Michael Keen

Abstract

Conventional wisdom has it that the value-added tax is not a suitable instrument for lower-level jurisdictions (‘provinces’) in a federal system. The problems that arise when it is so used have become a serious constraint on the development of the VAT—and closer economic integration—in Brazil, the EU, India and elsewhere. This paper describes and compares two recent proposals for forms of VAT intended to alleviate these difficulties: the VIVAT and the CVAT. Both enable the VAT chain to be preserved on inter-provincial trade without compromising the destination principle (allowing provinces to tax consumption at different rates) or introducing new scope for game-playing by the provinces. The key difference between them is that the CVAT requires sellers to discriminate between buyers located in different provinces of the federation, whereas VIVAT requires them to discriminate between registered and non-registered buyers. Where the balance of advantage between the two lies is not entirely obvious.

Suggested Citation

  • Mr. Michael Keen, 2000. "VIVAT, CVAT and All That: New Forms of Value-Added Tax for Federal Systems," IMF Working Papers 2000/083, International Monetary Fund.
    • Handle: RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2000/083
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. William Hoyt, 2005. "The Assignment and Division of the Tax Base in a System of Hierarchical Governments," Working Papers 2005-07, University of Kentucky, Institute for Federalism and Intergovernmental Relations.
    2. Ligthart, J.E., 2004. "Consumption Taxation in a Digital World : A Primer," Discussion Paper 2004-102, Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research.
    3. Santiago Lago Peñas & Jorge Martínez Vázquez, 2010. "La descentralización tributaria en las Comunidades Autónomas de régimen común: un proceso inacabado," Hacienda Pública Española / Review of Public Economics, IEF, vol. 192(1), pages 129-151, March.
    4. David R. Agrawal & William F. Fox, 2021. "Taxing Goods and Services in a Digital Era," National Tax Journal, University of Chicago Press, vol. 74(1), pages 257-301.
    5. Ernesto Longobardi, 2014. "At the Origin of Italian VAT: an Early Proposal of a Dual System of Consumption Taxation," ECONOMIA PUBBLICA, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 2014(3), pages 177-199.
    6. Stehn, Jürgen, 2003. "International Trade in Cyberspace:How to Tax Digital Goods," Journal of Economic Integration, Center for Economic Integration, Sejong University, vol. 18, pages 243-265.
    7. Jorge Martinez-Vazquez & Cristian Sepúlveda, 2007. "The Municipal Transfer System in Nicaragua:Evaluation and Proposals for Reform," International Center for Public Policy Working Paper Series, at AYSPS, GSU paper0708, International Center for Public Policy, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University.
    8. Ighomereho Salome & Ladipo Patrick & Dixon-Ogbechi Bolajoko, 2018. "Determinants of Automated Teller Machine Usage in Lagos State, Nigeria," Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Economics and Business, Sciendo, vol. 6(1), pages 89-111, December.
    9. Chaudhry, Sajid Mukhtar & Mullineux, Andrew & Agarwal, Natasha, 2015. "Balancing the regulation and taxation of banking," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 38-52.
    10. Christophe Waerzeggers, 2010. "The European VAT and the Common Market Framework: Lessons for the GCC," Chapters, in: Ehtisham Ahmad & Abdulrazak Al Faris (ed.), Fiscal Reforms in the Middle East, chapter 5, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    11. Joao do Carmo Oliveira & Jorge Martinez-Vasquez, 2001. "Czech Republic : Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in the Transition," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 14027, December.
    12. Silvia Fedeli & Francesco Forte, 2012. "Border Tax Adjustment without Borders: The EU Carousel of VAT Fraud," Review of Economics & Finance, Better Advances Press, Canada, vol. 2, pages 55-70, November.
    13. Richard M. Bird & Pierre-Pascal Gendron, 2001. "VATs in Federal States: Experiences and Emerging Possibilities," International Center for Public Policy Working Paper Series, at AYSPS, GSU paper0104, International Center for Public Policy, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University.
    14. Ricardo Varsano & Sergio Guimarães Ferreira & José Roberto Afonso, 2015. "Fiscal Competition: a Bird's Eye View," Discussion Papers 0114, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
    15. José Sánchez Maldonado & Salvador Gómez Sala, 2006. "The Reform of Indirect Taxation in Spain: VAT and Excise," International Center for Public Policy Working Paper Series, at AYSPS, GSU paper0607, International Center for Public Policy, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University.
    16. Jorge Martínez-Vázquez, 2008. "Revenue Assignments in the Practice of Fiscal Decentralization," Chapters, in: Núria Bosch & José M. Durán (ed.), Fiscal Federalism and Political Decentralization, chapter 2, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    17. World Bank, 2003. "Argentina : Reforming Policies and Institutions for Efficiency and Equity of Public Expenditures," World Bank Publications - Reports 14637, The World Bank Group.
    18. Genser, Bernd, 2003. "Coordinating VATs between EU Member States," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 10(6), pages 735-752, November.
    19. Mare, Mauro, 2015. "Why and How should the EU budget be reformed?," MPRA Paper 76112, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    20. Richard Bird & Pierre-Pascal Gendron, 2000. "CVAT, VIVAT, and Dual VAT: Vertical ``Sharing'' and Interstate Trade," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 7(6), pages 753-761, December.
    21. Richard M. Bird, 2013. "Below the Salt: Decentralizing Value-Added Taxes," International Center for Public Policy Working Paper Series, at AYSPS, GSU paper1302, International Center for Public Policy, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University.

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