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Stackelberg equilibria in a multiperiod vertical contracting model with uncertain and price-dependent demand

Author

Listed:
  • Sandal, Leif K.

    (Dept. of Finance and Management Science, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration)

  • Ubøe, Jan

    (Dept. of Finance and Management Science, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration)

Abstract

In this paper, we consider Stackelberg games in a multiperiod vertical contracting model with uncertain demand. Demand has a distribution with a mean and variance that depend on the current retail price, and this dependence may vary from period to period. We focus on a class of problems in which the market has a memory-based scaling of demand, and the mean scaling is a function of previous retail prices. This leads to a strategic game in which the parties must balance high immediate profits with reduced future earnings. We propose a complete solution to this multiperiod Stackelberg game, covering cases with finite and infinite horizons. The theory is illustrated by using a Cobb-Douglas demand function with an additive, normally distributed random term, but the theory applies to more general settings.

Suggested Citation

  • Sandal, Leif K. & Ubøe, Jan, 2012. "Stackelberg equilibria in a multiperiod vertical contracting model with uncertain and price-dependent demand," Discussion Papers 2012/2, Norwegian School of Economics, Department of Business and Management Science.
    • Handle: RePEc:hhs:nhhfms:2012_002
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11250/164188
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Øksendal, Bernt & Sandal, Leif & Ubøe, Jan, 2013. "Stochastic Stackelberg equilibria with applications to time-dependent newsvendor models," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 37(7), pages 1284-1299.
    2. Qin, Yan & Wang, Ruoxuan & Vakharia, Asoo J. & Chen, Yuwen & Seref, Michelle M.H., 2011. "The newsvendor problem: Review and directions for future research," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 213(2), pages 361-374, September.
    3. Xu, Minghui & Chen, Youhua (Frank) & Xu, Xiaolin, 2010. "The effect of demand uncertainty in a price-setting newsvendor model," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 207(2), pages 946-957, December.
    4. Martin A. Lariviere & Evan L. Porteus, 2001. "Selling to the Newsvendor: An Analysis of Price-Only Contracts," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 3(4), pages 293-305, May.
    5. Nicholas C. Petruzzi & Maqbool Dada, 1999. "Pricing and the Newsvendor Problem: A Review with Extensions," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 47(2), pages 183-194, April.
    6. Edwin S. Mills, 1959. "Uncertainty and Price Theory," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 73(1), pages 116-130.
    7. T. M. Whitin, 1955. "Inventory Control and Price Theory," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 2(1), pages 61-68, October.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Andersson, Jonas & Jörnsten, Kurt & Nonås, Sigrid Lise & Sandal, Leif & Ubøe, Jan, 2013. "A maximum entropy approach to the newsvendor problem with partial information," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 228(1), pages 190-200.
    2. Øksendal, Bernt & Sandal, Leif & Ubøe, Jan, 2013. "Stochastic Stackelberg equilibria with applications to time-dependent newsvendor models," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 37(7), pages 1284-1299.
    3. Azad Gholami, Reza & Sandal, Leif K. & Ubøe, Jan, 2016. "Channel Coordination in a Multi-period Newsvendor Model with Dynamic, Price-dependent Stochastic Demand," Discussion Papers 2016/6, Norwegian School of Economics, Department of Business and Management Science.
    4. Weiwei Zhang & Zhongfei Li & Ke Fu & Fan Wang, 2017. "Effect of the Return Policy in a Continuous-Time Newsvendor Problem," Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research (APJOR), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 34(06), pages 1-28, December.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Stackelberg game; multiperiod vertical contracting model; price-dependent demand;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C61 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Optimization Techniques; Programming Models; Dynamic Analysis
    • C73 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory - - - Stochastic and Dynamic Games; Evolutionary Games
    • D81 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty

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